Research On The Inner Chapters Of "Chuang-Tzu"

This dessertation is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces main circumstances of Chuang-Tzu himself and the book of"Chuang-Tzu". The second chapter centers on the essential thought of inner chapters of"Chuang-Tzu"from social and historical background, studing of Tao,"qiwu", and"xiaoyao". The third chapter mainly discusses the structure and sequence of inner chapters and logical developing course of Chuang-Tzu's thought which is reflected from the inherrent structure and sequence. The forth chapter focuses on the literary expression of the thought of inner chapters. The fifth chapter analyses the relation between inner chapters of"Chuang-Tzu"and metaphysics, Taoism and Zen.First chapter introduces the personal circumstance of living, relationship, source of scholarship and disciples, the text's spreading, dividing and author of the book of"Chuang-Tzu", as wele as the"Commentaries"of GuoHsiang. On the general opinion of learning fields, inner chapters is written by Chuang-Tzu himself, and outer and other chapters written by his discples. inner chapters can reflect the thought of Chuang-Tzu more accuratly than other chapters do. So, research of inner is in a sense the research of the thought of"Chuang-Tzu"The second chapter begins from the social and historical background, tells that Chuang-Tzu started with personal life to solve the difficul position of person and society. Tao is theory foundation of Chuang-Tzu's thought, and the viewpoint of"equality of things"helps to break with the concept of self center and make way to the absolute freedom. The image of Peng represents the ideal charater of pursuing the freedom."the happy excursion"and"on the equality of things"established the foundation of Chuang-Tzu's thought. But this two chapters just come into a achievement of pre-stage and it still has the problem of body life. Unsettled"utility of useless"leads the development of other chpaters. From the"the fundamentals for the cultivation of life", the trouble of how to managing spirit and body both completely comes to Chuang-Tzu, simple useless becomes the way of"pursuing the middle course", and then become the way of pretending to be an altar to preserce one's life, but that is not enough, Chuang-Tzu has to choose body's incompleteness to against being used. In the chapter of"the cultivation of life", body is still incomplete, but virtue emerges, that is a turn. Considering of Tao again leads a solution, the presuposition of solution of personal life is the solution of governing of the whole society, so, the best way to govern is to let things alone and let them act as they can.The third chapter focuses on the literary expression of the thought of inner chapters. By analysing the Characteristic of"Chuang-Tzu"'s fable, literal material, fabled image, strutural charateritic, using of language and writing, changing and relating structure, and so on, we can see that the thought and the literary make each other behave better in"Chuang-Tzu".in this part, relation between"Chuang-Tzu"and literal theory of artistic conception is also involved.The fourth chapter discusses the resounding of spirit of"Chuang-Tzu"'s inner chapters in later ages. Noumenal characteritc of Tao,"fasting of mind","sitting in fogetfulness"of inner chapters closely related with the concepts of metaphysics, Taoism and Zen, inner chapters of"Chuang-Tzu"affect metaphysics, Taoism and Zen deeply, no mater directly or indirectly.