Researches On Actuality And Countermeasures Of Private Psychological Practice

Private psychological practice is an important constitutor of the mental health service system in China, which can protect people's mental health and promote to construct the civilization of spirit. However, the research on private psychological practice is few and the method is single, the content is not in-depth, especially there are lack of the private psychological practice outcome researches. Private psychological practice as the commercial service in modern times consists of supplier, object and service, so these three aspects were comprehensively and thoroughly discussed in this research by integrating the methods of qualitative and quantitative.Then main finding are summarized as follows:1. The private psychology clinics and practitioners in private psychological practice all over the central cities in China were investigated on internet, including the time which clinics come into existence, the amount of the clinics and practitioners, and the competence of the practitioners. It was found that clinics appeared in a short time, the amount and the competence of the clinics were devoid. Having interviews with 10 clinics in Chongqing, we found that they were unknown by most people and there were many problems exist, such as clients were not satisfied with the clinics'environment, the practitioners' professional accomplishment and they took thought for the charge and secrecy in counseling.2. Aimed at the problems of private psychology clinics and practitioners, we opened out the interview on counseling experts for the developmental contermeasures. To develop the private psychology clinics, the government should pay attention to the development of the clinics'quantity and size, especially in small cities and countries, and the counseling charges should be brought into insurance system. The medium should strengthen in publicizing about clinics and mental health knowledge to lead the public to the correct cognition. The standardization system about operation and management in private psychological practice should be established, such as the congnizance of competence, the management of charge, the supervising in practitioners' aptitude and counseling outcome. The development of practitioners should set up the cultivation system not only in professional knowledge and skills, but also in responsibility and personality, such as intellect, sensitivity and patience.3. The attitude on private psychological practice questionnaire was worked out making reference to the correlate researches. Exploratory factor analysis of attitude questionnaire resulted in construction of four sub factors:stigma tolerance, recognition of need for counseling help, confidence in private psychology clinics and interpersonal openness. It was tested that attitude questionnaire had good internal reliability, content validity and structure validity, and could be an effective tool to evaluate public attitude on private psychological practice.1162 questionnaires were collected in 8 districts in Chongqing, and the data showed that the publich attitude on private psychological practice is conservative. But people with different ages, education backgrounds, occupations and living areas have different attitude, such as the youth have more positive attitude than the oldness, people with higher education background have more positive attitude than the lower.4. The experiment on reading the mental health and counseling introduction materials was carried out to probe into the changing condition about attitude. The result showed that the testee who read the materials had more positive attitude than the testee who didn't read the materials, so publicizing the knowleged of mental health and counseling is good for changing public attitude on private psychological practice. Meanwhile, people has the increasing demand in mental heath, especially in cognitive themselves, dealing with pressure, parentage and interpersonal relationship, so the clinics should pay attention to these aspects to enhance the quality of counseling service.5. In the field survey about 10 private psychology clinics in Chongqing, the counseling process was studied by PQS. Most counselors in these clinics used the special counseling skills in consultation, but they have the professional morality that they don't keep the unjustice relationship with clients, who can take the sustaining position to admit the clients, acquire the trust of the clients and figure out the fine relationship between them. But the counselors used to giving the homiletic words in counseling and straightforward advices. They didn't arrange the long-term counseling plan with client, so there were mostly one time session which lasted out 1.5 to 2 hours per session.6. Through the survey on the clients'change before and after the counseling, the client's satifaction with the counseling and the alliance, we evaluated the counseling outcome of the 9 private psychology clinics in Chongqing. The counseling service offered in 8 clinics gained the good effect by improving the clients'status and having a high score in clients'satisfaction and working alliance, but there was one clinic deteriorate the client's status. In the research on the influence factors with counseling outcome, we find that the service offered by women counselors had better outcome than men counselors, the same gender betweent the counselors and clients had better outcome than different gender, using the special counseling skills had better outcome than not using, the longer counseling time had worse outcome than the shorter.7. The counseling evaluating index system was formed by summarizing the researches and analyzing the experts'interview contents. After experts grading these index by AHP mode, the counseling evaluating model was built up, which has good practicability under validated and can be used to evaluating the outcome and giving advices to improve the counseling outcome.