Studying The Essence Of Marx's "New Worldview" From The Evolution Of "Worldview Philosophy"

In the history and logic of the evolution of philosophy, as the theoretical expression of relationship between human and the world, philosophy is always being of the common nature of "worldview". Though there has been no the notion of "worldview" for a very long time, philosophy has always been engaging the task of contributing "the ultimate interpretation" of "the whole" and "the infinite" in the form of "Ontology" for the human being. Thus the intrinsic commensurability comes into being between "Ontology" and "worldview". "The worldview philosophy" could be taken as the theoretical expression of the conformation and understanding of the ultimate existence of the world in a reflective way of thinking. However, the changeless explanation of "worldview" embraced by "the philosophy" inherent in the mind, facing the always changing real world outside the mind, must be induced to change. "The worldview philosophy" denied past interpretation and turned back to the very beginning again and again, being in the vicious circle of cycling interpretation. Marx's "new worldview" surmounts the limitation of traditional "philosophy of worldview", creating a new way for the development of modern philosophy. Either in theoretical or realistic meaning, Marx's "new worldview" is of the nature of "unsurpassable" (Sartre); and this is also the reason why it has caused continual interest at domestic and overseas academia and the author's systematical studying from the evolution of "the worldview philosophy".Starting with the relationship between western philosophy and "worldview", the author explains how the traditional "worldview philosophy" interpreted the existence and changes of real world and expressed the relationship between human being and the world, by a foregone eternal abstract "noumenon" which is inherent in the mind. The author also unscrambles spiritual explanation, theoretical characteristics and evolution of "traditional worldview philosophy" in the phases of ancient Ontology, modern epistemology and German classic philosophy. The author points out that people were in search of the basis of the entire world outside them and saw the ultra foregone eternal abstract "noumenon" as the "ultimate basis" to explain the others' existence in the world, therefore they link "worldview" to philosophy firmly by the thinking mode of "ontology" and they steer the future philosophy to construct a series of philosophy theories to explain the world through this line of thinking. The author also points out that because of the promotion of people's self-awareness, modern epistemology philosophy separates people's thinking and existence and puts emphasis on the coherence of subject and object in order to ensure the validity of realizing the world; then it divides the world to be a dualistic world in which subject is in opposition to the object. From then, modern epistemology philosophy bears the stamp of "egoism" and adds the elements of people's perceptual factors. German classical philosophy is "worldview philosophy" which speculates on the historicity and reality of human being and the world. Kant set up the principle that "rational practice" is above "rational theory" and this principle decides the validity of freedom of people in the realistic world. Hegel takes the objective "absolute spirit" as the highest existence of the world and he merges the history reality with the course of self-dissimilation, self-abrogation and self-realization of "absolute spirit" through dialectics. Therefore, Hegel eases and irons out differences between the phenomenon world and the noumenon world, realizes the absolute unification of subject and object and advances the traditional "worldview philosophy" to the peak. However, the ontological mode of thinking of traditional "worldview philosophy" limits "worldview" to the rules of abstract awareness of philosophy, which causes the loss of reality and historicity of human being and the world as well as the loss of function that philosophy "changes the world".Based on the realization and understanding of the traditional "worldview philosophy", the author puts great emphasis on Marx's criticism of traditional "worldview philosophy", analyses the differences of theoretical starting points, ways of thinking and theoretical tasks and discusses in detail the basic nature of Marx's "new worldview", i.e. the intrinsic unity of historical materialism and humanism, showing the unity of reality and idealization, positivism and abstract, historical facts and philosophical natures. By the systematical discussion and analysis, the author points out that Marx's "new worldview" which was the essence of the age is still providing image of the world at a philosophical reflective level from the inherent philosophical criticism, idealism and surpassing nature. Thus "new worldview" is still philosophy in a sense. However, with the characteristics of reality, positivism and historicity, it is thoroughly different from and surpasses traditional "worldview philosophy". The essence of "new worldview" is no longer philosophy at all, but just a worldview. Thus the "new worldview" is of theoretical and realistic meaning which is unmatched to traditional "worldview philosophy".