Research On The Structure And Characteristics Of The Core Resilience In Adolescents

The longitudinal Study on children development by Werner and Smith in 50s of 20th century led the development of the concept of resilience, as a research domain, resilience have been accepted gradually by researchers. It was subversion that the longitudinal study on resilience indicated some children having experienced severe adversities still had sustained good developmental outcomes, while before that researches had pessimistic thoughts that children who living in serious disadvantaged environment could had psychological or behavioral problems. Although the researchers have been debated on definition of resilience, almost they admitted that the term "resilience" refers to the phenomenon that some people don't suffer developmental disorders while facing or having experienced severe adversities. Especially, when facing or after experiencing severe stresses or adversities the children or adolescents from high-risk backgrounds have been acquired normal developmental outcomes,or good development。The complexity of resilience and far-reaching significance of the study greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of scholars, the wave of resilience study arose repeatedly From the exploratory phenomenological study to the systematic practice research, from qualitative research from to a combination of qualitative and quantitative, researchers have made remarkable results. However, shortcomings and lack revealed gradually in the domain could be to hinder the study of resilience:although the interpretation of the model have been proposed, which from the Western civilization and traditions,researchers cross the barrier of has also been f of fully, but most of them are difficult to accept universally, that also leads to be debated on the concept and measuring tools of resilience study. It is still an urgent need to resolve that explore Universal and basic construction of the theory. Some forward-looking scholars is now setting sights on the East cultural traditions particularly Chinese cultural traditions and spirit, and looking for the possibility of a new theory based on an ancient civilization,which will be a new line of thought of resilience study in the future. With the more in depth resilience research, more and complicated factors system of risk or protection have been found. But the most effective variables on intervention in what should be to play down intentionally or unintentionally. It is significant to seek the most effective and essential factors for the intervention study of resilience. Then, the purpose of this paper is to engage in making beneficial trial on the Chinese localization of resilience study. In the context of Chinese culture, the characteristics of resilience associated with the traditional culture has not been studied clearly, it is lack of systematic study on the structure and characteristics of resilience of adolescent. Based on the theoretical results of previous studies, the author carries out the framework of adolescent resilience from the perspective of Chinese traditional culture (history literature) and psychological development of contemporary adolescent:1) to explore profound meaning of resilience associated with Chinese traditional culture; 2) to extract the core concept of personal core resilience,to develop the personal core resilience scale, and to study the characteristics of adolescent resilience multi-angularly; 3) to research psychological characteristics of resilience between children with high resilience and children with low resilience in the high-risk environment, and to construct development model of adolescent resilience. Research is divided into two related sub-studies:In the first study, Based on the literature analysis the author delved into characteristics of resilience rooted in Chinese traditional culture. The result are following as:innate characteristics of resilience rooted in Chinese culture may indicate core character of individual that mainly include two aspects:one may indicate recognition or attitude about adversity and self which mean dialectics recognition on adversity, positive attitudes towards life, and persistence; the other may indicate innate control which mean temper force with mercy and be flexible with the world by oneself.In the second study, based on interviews and the inventory survey author systematically study the structure and characteristics of resilience of contemporary adolescent and develop the personal resilience core scale. The results are following as:1) core resilience of contemporary adolescent is composed of two dimension:and control dimension. Cognitive dimension is to consists of six factors, confidence,insigts, toughness, admission, family awareness, initiative; control dimension is composed of six facts, learning master, control feelings, mentality adjustment, target feeling, sense of place, interpersonal association.2) the personal core resilience scale has been proven to be of fine validity and reliability through examination.3) On the whole, average mark of cognitive dimension of adolescent core resilience is higher than that of control dimension.4) about 1/5 middle school students(aged 11-19) who experienced severe stresses or adversities have been identified resilient children(high core resilience), contracting with moderate core resilience and low core resilience, they have highest subject well being, family and peer-relation satisfaction,and have lowest aloneness.5) the fitting of the data and a model of adolescent resilience development Built is satisfied. The personal core resilience have important influence on adolescent development: high risk circumstances have negative affection on adolescent development, but the negative affection could changes with the level of core resilience. In the low level of core resilience, the negative impact of the adversity on well-being of adolescent is significant. With improvement of the level of core resilience, main effects of the core resilience on individual psychological function become obvious. while the negative effects of adversity become insignificant. The social connectivity system including family relation and peer relation has a positive psychological impact on personal core resilience.