| "The Secret History of Mongolia" (brief as Secret History) is a model literature of Mongolian as well as in whole ancient nomadic groups lived in north. Researches of Secret History have already become an international study. Academicians of Ming have made the total translation and stamp marked it at 14-century. Researches on aboard have sought the narrative-form to find its cultural significance.It is instructive to clear-up the narrative pattern of Secret History from the perspective of narratology and strive to find the profound narrative traits have not be found. So, author discussed narrative arts of Secret History and classified it in this theme to rich the studies of Secret History.The full text consists of introduction, text and epilogue.1. Introduction consists of previous studies, topics of significance and research approach.(1). Previous studiesThere are few narratology studies of Mongolian literature which appeared recent years. So the surveys of Secret History's narrative trait are nothing more. Both of Nashunbayar in his book of "Narrative form of Mongolian Literature and their cultural implication" and Harhuu in his book of "Narratology of Mongolian Literature" used one chapter to discuss the narrative traits of Secret History. Nashunbayar have used method of western narratology, and discussed from narrative subject and narrative characteristics. Narrative characteristics of Secret History involved two wings of story:narrative and lyricism; the narrator and narrative perspective; narrative time, time sequence and narrative rhythm. He deemed that the whole course of Genghis Khan's establishing Mongolian empire is always recorded in harmony and antinomy. Another important narrative trait is objective narrative, and in this objective narrative it is always containing non-objective factors. Lyricisms in Secret History consist of narrator's emotion and character's emotion. Narrator's lyricism is one of lyricism even if it is much fewer than character's lyricism. He also considered that Secret History was recorded in third person's knowledge-limited angle. But I think He neglected the omniscient visual angle of Secret History. And he neglected the narrator. We only can guess the narrator and the writer are one person between the lines in his book. But I think the narrator of Secret History is more complex. He also deemed that the Secret History was written down in natural time sequence, flashback was used rarely. But I think he neglected the author's cognitions, attitudes and notions expressed by narrative time.Harhuu's analysis of Secret History in his book of "Narratology of Mongolian Literature" was similar as Nashunbayar's. Only a few terms are different. It is discussed narrative structure, narrative time inSaijirh's ph. degree thesis "compilatory studies of The Secret History of Mongolia" too. He have used method of Secret History itself and deemed that dynamic serial structure, flashbacking cross structure and repeating structure of form and cells were be used in the Secret History. He said the surface narrative structure of Secret History is not connected with its deep-structure and its narrative dominant. He figured out that the form of narrative time was built up by ambiguity of narrative time versus independency of narrative cells, clarity of narrative time versus generality of narrative cells, alternation of narrative time versus ellipsis of narrative cells and so on. I think he neglected the author's cognitions, attitudes and hidden notions expressed by narrative time too.(2) Topics of significanceMost literature researches or comments on Secret History are focused on its content, or not its form. We can seldom find researches of Secret History's narrative traits.The Secret History is narrative text in the strict sense. So, author elaborates the narrative arts of Secret History in this paper. Secret History's content formulation is vivid. Its picturesque accounts are based on historical facts. The Secret History have described the Mongolian historical figures and led by Genghis Khan and series of activities around the war lively. Then, expression form of Secret History integrated historical and literature traits.It is our stand to researching Secret History's narrative traits.(3) Research approachThis paper proceeds from the text of Secret History, regarding narratoiogy as instruct, amalgamating the text read in detail, the method of comparing and summing up and theory studying, in order to reveal prominent characteristics and the influence of Secret History.Narratology was theory of narratives after the structuralism, can be divided into two groups as classic and post-classic. Classic narratology studies composing component, structural relation and operation regulation of literature. Post-classic narratology is focused on the relationship between the structural characteristics and readers'interpretation, paying attention to interaction of author, readers, texts and social-historical context.2. The paper is made up of four chapters.In chapter one, the choice and processing of the writing materials are analyzed. This chapter is divided into two sections. Section one discusses the question of selecting suitable materials of Secret History. Because people lacked the clear demarcation to the literature and history at that time, a large number of literature materials were written into the book as the historical material. The reason caused to this phenomenon has been discussed in section one. The section two is about the artistic style. Exactly there are a large number of literature materials in the book, so the author has used the artistic style while dealing with these materials unconsciously, such as vivid and lifelike languages, reasonable and integrate arrangement.In chapter two, the narrator, the narrative position and narrative viewpoint are described. This chapter is divided into three sections. The section one describes the basic characteristics of the narrator. The basic characteristics are reliable, visible and objective. The dependability means that whether the incident that the narrator described can make readers believing or authority. From the viewpoint of the narratology, this mainly depends on three respects, namely, the knowledge level of the narrator, the relationship between the narrator and story, and the matching of the value system between the narrator and crytic author. We think the narrator of Secret History is reliable, which could guarantee the authenticity of Secret History in this way. Certainly, absolutely pure and objective historical narratabilities are not exist, because the historical records are about the human activity, and that written by themselves, among them must contain complicated value constitutes, namely, historical personage will act according to one's own values and hardly hold on the neutral estimation. One of the purposes of the historical narratability lies on realizing the cognition of the incident already dying. Since the exanimate incident had objective factuality which didn't shift with wills of people, the faithful record became a notable characteristic of the narrator. We can say the objective narration is the basic demand and duty of the narrator. The intervention of the narrator has two ways. Firstly, the narrator make the explanation to the past incident, secondly, the content is intervened. The section two describes the narrative standpoint. The paper does not think that the narrative position of Secret History is the single maintenance of the gold family's interest. It also includes the folk narrative standpoint. Secret History quotes a large amount of the proverb, ancient saying, words of praise and congratulatory words. The section three describes the narrative visual angle. The narration of Secret History relies mainly on the omniscient visual angle, helping the author to stand on the position of the historian, and relies partly on the limit visual angle, enriching the aspect of the narration. Secret History emphasizes "the faithful record" as a historical literature. In order to keep the document style of "faithful record", frequently, the author had to abandon the representation of characters' psychological intention, which made it unable to penetrate characters'heart arbitrarily. The narration visual angle in Secret History is the result of social culture psychology at that time. The narration visual angle is important in narrating literary creation as a kind of important form skill and narrating strategy. Story and personage narrating in the works are not always with their one's own original appearance, and always appear according to a certain eye or a certain viewpoint. Two kinds of completely different facts will probably be written out from two different view points when observing the same fact. Secret History is the first historic works with narration literature intent for Mongols, which combined drama factor and story factor. Some researcher point out that, generally, the history in "inside story" was narrated by third person limit. But only realize that is still not enough, after all, the view of narration is a western concept from. It is necessary to question the difference between the view of narration, which evolve from unique culture and linguistic of the Mongols history, and western view of narration. After all, any kind of narration is not merely a result of the simple exploration of literature; inherently, it is a deep idea of the ideology and culture of the nationality. The research on the style characteristic of Western narration is useful to understand the style characteristic of Secret History. The viewpoint of omniscient narration is combined of neutral omniscient, selective omniscient and some characteristics of the dramaticism omniscient. This kind of visual angle have three characteristics:Firstly, omniscient narrated generally; secondly, narrated in a certain degree; thirdly, omniscient narrated objectively.Chapter three about the narrative time of Secret History Mongolia, three verses are divided. The first verse is narrative beginning time, the second verse is narrative interval time and the last verse is narrative time sequence. Narrative time is the basic characteristics of narrative text. If narrative time is canceled, narrative text will not exist. There are two main ways are used by the narrator could control time, on the one hand, narrator controls time speed through the detail of text, on the other hand, narrator controls time sequence through interfering, interrupting and flashback of time continuity. In this thesis, the former is narrative time speed, the later is narrative time sequence. In the time speed of Secret History, the author narrates some important events detail of the life of the character by controlling time speed, however, briefs some unimportant things. Such as the author only writes 68 verses to narrate the ancestor of Temujin, pedigree, the name of clan, the story of Lalvngowaa and Yisgei bater robbed Ugelun as his wife and so on. But the author writes 34 verses to narrate the young Temujin had hard life, married with his wife,endured the suffering of Gvrban mergid and evaded to the mountain of Bvrhan. This way not only makes the short of the story, but also highlights the knowledge and attitude of author to the character. So controlling the time speed, it can make the story clear, ordered and simple and reflect the historic knowledge, historic attitude and historic values of the author.Secret History in the narrative sequence bases on the use of the continuity of the natural sequence of narrative, natural smooth and orderly narrative time pattern has a broad and far-reaching impact on the Mongolian narrative literature. The natural narrative time had been used as normal pattern by the government on that time. In Secret History, the author made the character as important point, narrated the character's life story according to time sequence. Because of the way time sequence narrative on the structure and function contribute to clearly and easily understand the story. This narrative, the general has shown unmistakable linear. However, it has inevitable limitations, such as time and space for the simultaneous interchange of the many events that need to highlight the focus of the event, using this narrative sequence isn't very convenient. Therefore, in the Secret History appears the flashback and inserted sequence to break the normal time. The way of the flashback being used, which reflect the narrator's subjective consciousness. The use of flashback mainly reveals the causal relationship between events, so that the reader more clearly the historical occurrence and development of the underlying causes, while the use of flashbacks makes the story more wonderful and exciting than the time sequence does. Secret History uses the combination of the time sequence and flashback as narrative time, not only highlights traditional story, but also overall effects of the formation of structure and highlights important events, which makes cause and effect obvious.Chapter four about narrative structure of the Secret History, two verses are divided. The first verse is overall structure, structure is a functional framework, which has macroscopical and unifying significance in the narrative works. The Secret History is chronological narrative structure,which linking ancient and modern, broadening the scope of narrative history books to show a magnificent picture of social life, which is its overall structure. Chronological narrative structure has not only advantages, but also limitations. The author has noticed the problem, so on the one hand he used the narrative structure in the works, on the other hand he recreated chronological style and made it full and rich. Chronological narrative structure's advantages is that records macroscopic, continuous and clear history, However, when the narrative should follow the time series can not be in a person or an event to make a longer stay, but can not end the time temporarily. The Secret History cleverly solves the contradiction between the chronologic narrative structure and the integral historical facts. The Secret History according to time-series scheduled to show the historical facts, but there is cause and effect sequence in the context which showed the Mongolian history. It also solves the contradiction between the chronologic narrative structure and the detailed historical facts. In addition, Secret History has been used other style except the chronological style, that is undeveloped biographic style. In second section about the deep-layer structure, I think the deep-layer structure of Secret History is unity of history and ethics. We can see the particularity of historic facts on the surface when the historical consciousness runs through the narrative. Historic events are not only the events but historic consciousness.3. Conclusion:(1) In this theme, discussed narrative traits and functions of the Secret History were discussed. We can find the basic narrative form and narrative method and infer the narrative level of that time.(2) The Secret History reappeared historic facts with literary nature.
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