The Study Of The Three Educational Organizations Of Music In "Assistant Capita" Chongqing

Before the capital was moved to Chongqing, the Nationality Government of China had already put forward the principles of "Resisting Japan and Constructing the Country" to cope with the anti-Japanese war and the national construction after the war. The cultural sphere including music field undoubtedly played an important role under this principle.According to the principle the government took the recovery of "education via music" as the key of the music culture construction. To realize the plan, musical organizations were established specifically, among which the most representative were the Musical Education Committee ("MEC"), the National Rite-Music Institute and the National Music Institute. All of them were under the administration of the Ministry of Education.The three organizations were the key factor to underpin the government's thought system for "education via music":the MEC was a semi-authority, a think-tank for the Ministry of Education, whose main function was to give counsels and in certain period implement some policies; the National Rite-Music Institute was a state-level institute focusing on the researches to rites and music; the National Music Institute was a base for training various needed musicians. The research to these three organizations would be of leading importance to understand relationships among various scattered musical phenomena in Chongqing and their causes.By means of historical research method, system theory and statistical analysis, through surveys to organizing systems, working progresses, operating patterns and various laws, decrees, rules and their implementations, the paper discusses how the idea of "education via music" was put into practice through certain organizations. Combined with sociology, laws, ethics and economics the paper explores its social causes:after the feudal dynasties were overthrown, the Chinese economic system changed rapidly from the small-scale peasant economy to the modern commercial economy, and the superstructure also changed correspondingly to match the economic base. The actual situation was that, the social structure was still maintained status of the Middle Ages, the political system, however, had already adopted the western republic system, leading to conflicts between various laws, systems and actual living of the lower classes. At the same time the nation faced the pressure of Japanese invasion. For these reasons the government took a harmonic way in which all rigid systems, laws and decrees were introduced from the west, and the inflexible moral codes adopted the traditional system of "education via music". By these two means the government could gain control over the society.