.20 1970s Oil Crisis And The U.s. Oil Security System: Structure, Process And Change

As one of the superpower in the cold war era, the US has a tremendous influence on the evolution of global strategy relations by adjusting its national oil security. This dissertation seeks to analyze the changes and adjustments in the US oil security strategy in the last half-century. This analysis is focus to reveal the complex influence of oil variables on the making of the US national security strategy.The study that follows, then, is more than an account of the decades of the American oil security system, and less than a history of oil policy in American. Although the primary focus remains the story of an evolution of America hegemony and world oil, I have attempted to situate the growth of America foreign oil policy and oil security strategy. This interpretation offers a new angle of vision that helps to illuminate both the timing and the course of the evolution of American oil security system.The doctoral dissertation is divided into six chapters, plus preface and conclusion. In chapter 1, I will deals with the early attempts by American oil companies to penetrate and gain access to oil concessions in British, Dutch and French spheres of influence. Then present the historical background of the origins of American foreign oil policy and the construction of American oil security system, describe the transformation of hegemony, both conceptually and in its actual, from British to American, and it provide a analyzing base. Chapter 2 gives an account of American's oil hegemony. I first deal with the importance of oil in the European recovery after the Second World War. Then I concerned with the Iranian crisis, discussing its background, development and its final outcome. At last I deal with the American ability to provide Western Europe countries with an adequate supply of oil, when this was threatened be interruptions in the flow of oil from Middle East sources. The Suez conflict and the nationalization of the Canal offer excellent examples of such a problem. Chapter 3 analyzes the changes of US oil power following the Second World War. I will analyze the short and the long-term effects the mandatory oil import quotas had on the international market, as well as on the American domestic market. I will try to delineate a number of new tendencies on international oil market, which slowly matured during the 1960s, and assess their long-term effects. Thus the international oil market had become very complex and difficult to control.Chapter 4 is devoted to a very turbulent period in the development of the international oil market. I discuss the process that ultimately led to the transition of power over oil prices and the level of oil production from the international oil companies to the producing countries. Then I examine the explosion of the first oil crisis.In chapter 5, I deal with American efforts to handle properly the new situation in which their dominance is being seriously challenged. I will discussed the establishment of the international energy agency and the efforts of American administration of regain some of its influence over the middle east and the international oil market which was lost during the first years of the 1970s. Chapter 6 probes into the political and economic background to the so-called second oil crisis, and what influence it had on the international market and the word order.