Study Of Urban And Rural Social Security System

This article refers the planning of Chinese social security system of the city and the countryside as a whole, connecting the forming and disorganization of dualistic social security system with the course of China industrialization tightly, and offering theoretic demonstration and practical proposing for it.For the goal of overtaking economically, the government had to take priority of heavy industry in the strategy of development when the People's Republic of China just founded. In the circumstances of weak national power and few exterior economic sources at that time, the government cannot help but drawing funds from the countryside and constructing a registered permanent residence system and a uniform purchase and sale system, which built a "barrier" between the residents of the city and the countryside and strictly prevented the superfluous labour force in the countryside from flowing to the city. Accordingly, once the townsmen taking up an occupation, they can obtain the social securities including medical care, unemployment benefits and pensions. But the peasants can only enjoy the low-level collective security provided by the community, in that security system lands played a very important role.With the advancing of industrialization, Chinese traditional social security system in which the city sector and the countryside sector were partitioned faces different challenges as following: Firstly, as the Community disassembling, the collective security system dissolved accordingly, peasants have to turn to depend on family members to secure themselves. Secondly, as the policy of planned parenthood extending, the scale of rural family becomes smaller gradually. Simply relying on family to provide for the aged, which cannot deal with the challenge of population aging , is more difficult than before. Thirdly, as the superfluous labour force in the countryside being difficult to transfer to the city, the marginal output of agriculture becomes low and the citypopulation cannot increase accordingly, so the prices and demands of farm produces are on the low side, and peasants cannot rely on lands to provide for security. Fourthly, on the one hand, after the Community disassembling, village and town enterprises suddenly rise as a new force, but the employee of these enterprises cannot enjoy the benefits of social security; On the other hand, a great deal of peasants working in the cities, who cannot get rid of the bondage of registered permanent residence, almost enjoy no interests from the social security. Fifthly, with the advancing of industrialization and urbanization, a great quantity of plow-land are occupied, many peasants lost their lands. This has threatened the premise of economic growing stably and the social phase of stability and solidarity. Moreover, as the continuing advance of industrialization, the number of peasants is still increasing.Industrialization not only brings severe challenges to the traditional dualistic social security system but also creates favourable conditions for the construction of planning Chinese social security system of the city and the countryside as a whole. First of all, as the industrialization gets on, industry production value grows up, the taxes come from industry increases, national financial power strengthened and the government can spend more funds on social security. At the same time, planning Chinese social security system of the city and the countryside as a whole becomes possible because that as the changing of population structure which resulted from the increase and decrease of the population living in the cities and villages respectively the social security mode shifts from "the minority guarantee the majority" to "the majority guarantee the minority". Secondly, as the advancing of industrialization, the prices of land will rise continually, parts of the increment of land value can be spent on the construction of social security for the peasants who missed the land.In addition to creating favourable conditions for the construction of social secu...