The Practical Connotation Of A Harmonious Socialist Society And The Issue Of Chinese Intellectuals

The intellectuals' issue is an issue of importance and complexity in the course of China's modernization. A new thought and deeper research to the intellectual issue is not only an objective demand to review it, but also has a realistic significance in establishing a Harmonious Society Socialist. This thesis try to objectively research A Harmonious Society Socialist and the Issue of Chinese Intellectuals with history point and develop review. The thesis attempts to treat the practical connotation of the a Harmonious Society Socialist as the main penetration point and exposits the intellectual issue from four aspects.The preface of the thesis chiefly clarifies the relationship between the intellectual issue and the practical connotation of a Harmonious Society Socialist. It proposes the four main contents of a Harmonious Society Socialist. First is to clarify the subject of the practice. Second is to understand its nature. Third is to learn by heart its ideological basis. Fourth is to persistently implement in the course of modernization. Then starting with the practical connotation of building a Harmonious Society Socialist it introduces the important function and value of intellectuals and emphasizes that intellectuals are vital forces that cannot be ignored in doing so. Therefore, concern about the research of intellectuals and the practical connotation of the harmonious society not only can enrich the theory, but also constitutes a new quest to the theory of intellectuals' issue. The structure of the thesis is: first, the reconstruction of intellectual theory as the important subject of a Harmonious Society Socialist; second, the reconstruction of the relationship between the Party and intellectuals; third, the self-establishment of intellectuals; fourth, the assumption of building intellectual policy and ecological environment. These researches contribute to play the role of active function, concord the relationship between the party and intellectuals, correctly formulate the intellectual policy, realize further promotion of national soft power and the increase the welfare of the people.The first chapter of the thesis mainly generalizes the origin and the main context of western and Chinese intellectuals' issue and summarizes the research of intellectuals. Besides, it gives a general overview of some difficulties, focus, the method of research, possible creation and the framework and contents of the thesis. The research of western intellectuals is formed and developed in the development of history. The thesis starts from the social role of intellectuals and solidifies the emergence, divergence and their role. Then it analyses the influence of modernization on intellectuals. On the one hand, intellectuals as social roles have transferred from an important one to a general one. On the other hand, people begin to recollect intellectuals under the background of social transformation. On the basis of this, the thesis concludes the research of western intellectuals and mostly summarizes the theory of self-positioning of intellectuals, the professionalization of intellectuals, intellectuals and universities, intellectuals and the public, intellectuals and political and ideology and intellectuals and new class. Different from the development of western intellectuals, the development of domestic intellectuals has many Chinese characteristics. The thesis focuses on the relationship between intellectuals and tradition, intellectuals and modernization, intellectuals and Maxism and relationship between intellectuals and current development of China. Finally, the thesis summarizes the situation of research on domestic intellectuals.With its focus on the analysis and research on the "subject", the second Chapter of the thesis expounds on the first point of the practical connotation in a Harmonious Society Socialist, that is, to make clear the subject of practice. The thesis turns closely on the reexamination of Theories about intellectuals. By clarifying the theoretical basis for intellectuals in the party, the thesis attempts to draw conclusion by tracing the source, that is to return to the source of the nature of intellectual class, thus re-examining and re-positioning intellectuals. Based on the theories of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Mao Zedong, the thesis analyzes in detail the change, development and existing problems as well as the solutions to the key theoretical issue—the nature of intellectual class and the political affiliations by analyzing the four issues involving the importance of the role of intellectuals, the ultimate significance of intellectuals, how to regard the intellectual class as well as the crux problem of the intellectual class.The analysis of this theory helps us to reason and reflect from the logical change of the party's theory about intellectuals, so as to gain new perspective on the party's theory of intellectuals, thus providing basis for the research of intellectuals in the building of a harmonious society. It is in the process of research and reflection that the thesis puts forward the important role the Marxism Literary arts theory played in the party's policy toward intellectuals and the view that Marxist theory constitutes the base for the intellectual theory of party. The thesis starts with the reexamination of the significance of Marxist theory and its interpretation, which is followed by the historical study of its development with main focus on the attributes and problems of the theory existing in China. On this basis, detailed demonstrations are given with regards to the relationship between Marxism, party and intellectuals, as well as to the role and impact of Marxist Literary arts theory plays as the theory basis for party's theory about intellectuals in the theory and practice.The third chapter of this thesis mainly focuses on the second point of the practical connotation of the a Harmonious Society Socialist, which requires us to understand the essential meaning of practice, to analyze and explain the "relation" between the Party and the Intellectual. On the basis of affirming this "relation" and the Intellectual-policy, this thesis mainly analyzes the formation, development of this "relation", and has a reflection on it. By explaining the developments and the changes of the Classical Marxism Works and the Intellectual-policy, the thesis argues the evolutions and characteristics of the "relation". By dividing the revolutionary career and the Classical Marxism Works into five stages, the thesis probes into each of them to describe the changes, to reflect the "relation" and explain their reasons.It is between the New Democratic Revolution and the end of the Civil War in 1927 that the Classical Marxism Works initially sowed in China, and the "relation" began to form. Taking the New Culture Movement as a background, the thesis firstly describes the effect of the Intellectual. Then the thesis researches the spread of the Classical Marxism Works after October Revolution, and describes its various influence on the Chinese literature, the Intellectual, the Intellectual-policy as well as the "relation". Such influence has a direct effect on the Revolutionary Culture Movement of the second stage. As for the second stage, taking the change of the war-cry from literary revolution to revolutionary literature as its background, the thesis probes into the "relation" by mainly analyzing the setting background, nature, function of the Left Wing Writers Association, by referring to the problems occurred in the spread of the Classical Marxism Works, referring to the Left Wing Writers Association's literature as well as the Intellectual-policy during this stage.The fourth chapter of the thesis describes the development of this "relation" after the victory of the anti-Japanese War. It regards the period from 1937 to the found of the People's Republic of China as the third stage of the "relation". "Popularization" is the most popular literary slogan and the focus of "relation". So this thesis argues the development of the "relation" from the changing of slogan from "information" to "popularization". Taking the formation of the literary ideology of Mao Zedong as its background, the thesis argues the Intellectual-policy and its essential under the background of the changing of slogan by analyzing the Party' appraise to the Enlightenment, by describing the class-belonging of the Intellectual, the Intellectual-Masses relation, as well as the influence of intellectuals in the literary Movement.The four stage of the "relation" came after the found of the People's Republic of China, to some degree; it is the continuance of the Yan'an System. So the thesis mainly describes the Yan'an Literary System, the Intellectual-policy as well as the "relation" in this stage.As for the five stage of the "relation", the thesis makes a brief introduction of the Intellectual-policy after the era of Chinese Reform and Opening, and generalizes the "relation" in this stage with one sentence "United, benefit each; Divided, hurt each." That's to say, only under the right Intellectual-policy can we come to a wonderful accommodation so as to reach "benefit each" in such a dynamic society.The fifth chapter of the thesis expounds on the culture development with regard to the third point of the practical connotation in the harmonious socialist society, that is, bear in mind the ideological basis of practice. With the intellectual's reflection and the reflection on intellectuals as the main line, it illustrates the development of the intellectuals themselves as the main creator and transmitter of intellectuals .the analysis of intellectual's voluntary reflection on the May 4th Movement and of its impact upon the intellectuals as well as the detailed illustration of the change of literary environment in liberated areas and the inactive reflection of intellectuals on themselves in the rectification movements are made with the mental change from reflection , introspection to self- criticism and facing life bravely as the thread .It gives a careful analysis about the psychological change of intellectuals in the 1950s and the complete self-criticism and self-denial in the period of ideological remolding. Moreover, it expounds on the liberal policy for intellectuals after the implementation of reform and opening policy which facilitates the cultural and scientific creation in relatively liberal conditions as well as a new round of reflection and remolding its group for the intellectuals. To sum up, the reflection of the intellectuals is an indispensable part of harmonious culture, while the reflection and development by intellectuals themselves is an inherent texture for the further improvement of harmonious culture.Chapter six of the thesis is focused on the fourth aspect of the practical connotation of a Harmonious Society Socialist, that is, on the dissertation of "process" combined with the continuous practice in it. The thesis illustrates that, during the development of intellectuals, the social-political-cultural ecological environment has undoubtedly had a deep influence on them. On the other hand, the healthy development of the intellectuals will promote the environment in turn. It argues that a rational policy on intellectuals and a deep comprehension of their value are most vital among the establishment of favorable political environment; further analyze their social ecological environment with the help of a questionnaire entitled " intellectuals in your eyes"; the thesis also probes into the situation of their cultural ecological environment as well as their self-building. The thesis mainly discusses how to deal with university rules, which are closely related to intellectuals, together with intellectuals' responsibilities. The influences of the social-political-cultural ecological environment are never separated with each other; instead, they interact with each other, combining together into the ecological environment for intellectuals to live on.