Theoretical Study Of The Chinese Football Reform

Since the 90's, the direction of the oversea sports organizational reform has tended to be consistent. The wish of the sports mass organization and the social organization could manifest during the process of the sports management, which causes to fully show their enthusiasm and creativity, and the will of the government has also been able to realize through the macroeconomic regulation and control.Along with the reform and open policy and the establishment of the socialist market economy in our country, the traditional system of the sports management shows the phenomenon which does not adapt with the environment of the social system. Under the mutual influence and function of each kind of factor, Chinese sports started the organizational reform in order to survive and develop for its own. But, as a result of the rigid influence of the traditional system, it faced with the coexistence of the two kinds of ways, the plan adjustment and the market regulation, and the contradiction of the difficult coordination between the government impetus and the market impetus during the process of the sports organizational reform; It exists the ambiguous goal for development, the unclear responsibility of the control section, and the not standard behavior of the various groups of special interests in the environment of the sports system and so on; Overall, the sports organizational reform in our country presents the nature of exploration and transition.Under the systematic circumstance of the reform of the political system, the economic restructuring and the sports organization in our country, the reform of soccer is facing main questions, such as the organization and the function, the market and the benefit, and the goal and the power and so on.The management body of soccer simultaneously has the dual organization characteristics as the sports administrative department and the social group. Resting on the advancement of the system environment of the society and the reform of the sports organization in our country, it will be a systematic, long-term and gradual practice process for the soccer management body to solve the unclear social role and the contradiction of the role conflict, and to definitude the direction which conforms to the needs of the social development itself. This kind of contradiction causes the difficulty with foreseeing the development orientation to the management system of soccer, thus management process itself has more obvious the characteristic of short-term, and lacks the long-term plan and the guidance of the strategic operation.The market system of soccer in our country is not yet perfect, exists monopoly factor, and does not favor the establishment of the fair competition environment. The property right relations between the enterprise and the professional club were not clear, which causes the production of the not standard behavior and the destruction of the market order. The professional soccer club as the enterprise does not yet have the mature characteristics of the main body of the market, also does not have the ability of leading the system innovation, also does not have "the scale effect", and does not yet form the effective demand towards implementing the system innovation.After carrying on the analysis towards the management mechanism of soccer at present in our country, this article thinks the constitution of the power mechanism of the management system of soccer is multiple at present. The political benefit of the country is still the most important power of the management system of soccer; The economic benefit gradually becomes the origin of the important power of the management system; The need of the social psychology is also the main power of the management system. Therefore, the establishment of the movement mechanism which adapts with the social development of the management system of soccer, should carry on the function transformation step by step.Looking from the center of gravity of the function, it should transform the direction from the administrative management function to the public service function, namely from the administrative function to the mass organization function, and from the governance management to the profession management. Gradually changes the closing structure of the original centralization of the authority and the original administrative organization, makes the transition to the organizational structure of the socialized and open style, and initiatively greets the choice of the society.Looked from the way of function, One, transforms from the administrative method to the legal method, takes the legal solemnity, the continuity, the authority and the compulsory as the backing in order to gradually avoid the transmutation of the control system and the capriciousness of the administrative action. Two, transforms from the plan adjustment to the market regulation, makes the professional league tournament as the sports product which follows the market demand and the supply rule, maintains the balance of the supply and the demand, and satisfies the diversified demand of the broad masses, while cultivates the main body of the market. Three, transits from the direct micromanagement to the indirect macroscopic management, namely from the participant to the direction of the inspector and arbitrator.Looked from the functional relations, the relations of several aspects must be processed: One, makes clear about the governance relations with the general administration for sports; Two, straightens out the organization relations with the member associations; Three, deals with the benefit relations with clubs appropriately; Four, pays attention to the public relations with the society.This article carries on the discussion towards the management innovation of soccer from the aspects of the goal, the system and the organization.Firstly, the present management goal has the characteristics of the prescription of the environment, the contradiction between goals of various levels and the limitation of different stages and so on. Therefore, the innovation of the management goal should pay great attention to the principles of the characteristics of the equilibria, the service and the potency. Secondly, the management system still has certain innovation space. It should conform the management mechanism of the interior management system of soccer, establish new authoritative relations and working routines, gradually give the partial decision-making powers or the work to the member associations, promote the development and mature of the member association as the independent main body of the management, expand the scope of the management, and form the large-scale organization. The innovation of the management system should follow the principles of the characteristics of the goal, the system, the legal system and the science and so on. Thirdly, proceeds to carry on the organization innovation in an orderly way through the way of the internal authority and the exterior authority. But, it should adopt the essential monitoring method in order to make the granting power not out of control, and guarantee the realization of the organization goal.