Study On The Mechanism And The Changes Of Some Biochemical And Physiological Indexes Of Elite Swimming Athletes In Strength Training Phase Before Olympic Games

Muscle strength is a major component influencing sports performance, especially for swim event. So it is important for swimming athletes to develop their specific strength qualities. Basing on the stress theory, focusing the synthesizing adaptation of skeletal muscle protein, a systematic study was carries out to observer the hormones changing and HSP70 response on the body response. It was from a new angel in this study that the causes of strength training-induced the strength qualities development.The research included human body test and animal test.The purpose of human body test was to investigate the changes of some body function biochemical and physiological indexes of 16 elite swimming athletes in strength training phase before Olympic Games. The results show that in the strength training phase, Hb didn't change obviously, but was higher than the value of enduring training phase. CK increased obviously. Both male and female athletes'serum BU level didn't change obviously, which suggests that serum BU isn't a sensitive index for swimming athletes'body function. In the strength training phase, T, T/C and IGF-â… increased, and IGF-â… level didn't change obviously compared with T, which seem to indicate that the effect of IGF-â… response to sports stress was low than T. Body serum catabolism hormone (C) increased in strength training phase. There is no pure strength training in swimming event may be the reason. In strength training, the muscle strength and power increased obviously. And body weight increased, which caused by the increase of the muscle weight.The purpose of animal test was to establish the intensity training models of rats, research the rats body stress response to load swimming training from whole body phase, systematic phase and cell phase. Forty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly as-sighed to control group (CG) and exercise group which was further divided into swimming without load group(FG),swimming with loading 5% body weight group(5%G), swimming with loading 10% BW group(5%G)and swimming with loading 15% BW group(15%G). There were 8 rats in each group. Exercise groups were trained in a basin with water. The train lasted 4 weeks, and 6days a week. The time, which all the groups with load swam, is 38 minutes. And the 38mins training period was divided 5 stages, which contented 6mins, and the interval was 2mins:5%G with 5%BW load attaching to rats tail root trained 4weeks;10%G with 5% load in the first week, and 10% load in last 3weeks;15% G with 5% load in the first week, 10% load in the second week and 15% in last 2weeks. The time that the rats of FG swam is 90 minutes. The results show that the rats of swimming training increased strength quality obviously, and which depended on the exercise load in a adequate lever, while the strength quality declined in the over-load training. Body serum anabolism hormones including T and IGF-1increased in adequate training, which depended on the exercise load, while decreased in over-load training. Body serum catabolism hormone (C) increased in training, and settled in a high level in over-load strength training. In load swiming training, rats'skeletal muscle Hsp70 increased. The improvement of Hsp70 level depended on the exercise load, and there was a platform stage in the improvement of Hsp70 level. And rats skeletal muscle Hsp70 express decreased in over-load strength training. The reason need more research. Rats'skeletal muscle MDA content increased significantly in training,which induced by exercise intensity, while SOD level s didn't change obviously. It suggests:In over-load training, skeletal muscles'lipox level increases acutely, and anti-oxidation enzyme's decrease may be a important reason. There was a negative correlation between skeletal muscle Hsp70 express and lipox , which increased when exercise load increased.In conclusion, we view there is a relationship between strength training and skeletal muscle adaptation for the first time: In strength training, the secreting hormones secreting changes and anabolism will dominate in the body. Cooperating with the special metabolizing products of skeletal muscle cell(such as leucine and isoleucine) and self-defending mechanism(HSP70),which promotes skeletal muscle protein including constructive protein and enzyme protein synthesized adaptation. The skeletal muscle fibers become thick, and sport function (strength) of them increases.