A Study On The Ondol Culture Of Several Peoples In The North-East Asia

Taking advantage of fire has enabled human being to survive in harsh winters and to fiourish its creative mind in forms of various cultures.Finding fire and harnessing heat energy affect advancement of human history which is desperate to the coldest north-eastern inhabitants of China.The western civilization has used in-door fireplace to warm up room temperature,but most of Korean and some Chinese prefer to use the Ondol to heat up room floor,by heating from the outside of the room.The Ondol has been widely used and prevailing heating system in Korea for a long time.Almost 100% of contemporaq Koreans live with the Ondol.They have inherited time-proven technologies and methods about the Ondol.We think this unique tradition differentiates Korea from other countries.So that it is reasonable to delve int0 Korean and Chinese traditions of Ondol to enhance human living environment and to apply it to architectural design.As the term coined in Korea,the Ondol appeared in the"Chosun Dynasty" chronicles for the first time.It is developed from the Original term,Gudle,when the Chosun dynasty did not have its own writing system.The On refers to giving off heat,and dol refers to spring out.This term includes the meaning of radiation heat which means raising the floor temperature,the modern panel heating system which utilize water,and various heating system with electricity.In China, Kang and Dinuan is used as a similar system of Ondol in Korea,but mean different things,however Korea's Ondol includes both concepts.The Ondol also refers to floor heating system which utilizes the hot wind paneled through small pipes.As such,the Ondol establishes itself as an intemational term that is widely used in English and Japanese.In China,the term is not yet universally used in China,but the term will be used for currently developing mogern version 0f the On—dol system.From such perspectiVe,this research not only takes technique and installation viewpoints,but also offers historical and cultural analysis.The heat transfer path of the Ondol originates from the bottom of a room.The floor-heating system characterizes the Ondol from other air heating systems,i.e.radiator,fireplace,hot air blowers etc.The heat sources of the Ondol are direct fire from firewood,rice cane,weeds,leaves,or convened heat energy from electricity,and hot water pipe. Regardless of varioud sources,there's been only one heating object,the room floor.So that the radiation of heat from the bottom of a room gives"warm-bottom-cool top"condition,which is believed as the favorable dispersion of temperature for in-door living.The Ondol system is spreading up as more and more people are getting acknowledged of it.Above all,we defined the meaning of"Ondol"whose calling was iniciated by Korean and disseminated into Japan and other countries.Chinese legacy shows "Kang"and"Di Nuan"as the floor heating systems.Koreans realized"Kang","Di Nuan"and a hybrid form of them.So,here we describe the Ondol systems cover "Kang","Di Nuan''and all sorts of forms of floor-heating system.We've studied the ancient Chinese articles,books,and documents as well as Korean historical evidences and Lee-dynasty("Chosun") chronicles. Korean documents earlier than A.D. 5th century is hard tO find so that only Chinese references have been researched in that period.Especially, we've explored Korean historical remnants of Ondol and investigated the traces of its origination and development. The modern implementation of Ondol has been also researched in terms of its diversiOns, attributes,structures and unfolding paths.This thesis has been influenced by many informative conferences held by Korean housing corporation (2006),college of architecture in Shen yang,China(2007),Cheon nam university in Korea(2008), Haerbin university in China(2009).We've attended the 6th,7th,and 8th conference of che ISO(International Society of Ondol)and referred proceedings of them.Modernized Ondol uses hot water by boiler alld heat generation material by electricity.We've researched both of them.We've done comparison between China and Korea against utilization and characters and opened up remaining studies and direction.