| Pimeliinae widely distributed in Asia, Europe, North America and Africa; there are39tribes over3000species includedin the subfamily. According to a large number specimens, the dissertation researched survey of taxonomic, morphology andbiology, material and methods, systematics, biogeography, and recording of species. The results such as:A. Taxonomy and Biogeography1. There are240thousand words in the dissertation, and include175formal figures,18color plates,27other figures and11tables; there are12tribes44genera257species distributing in China by recorded in the dissertation, and include20newspecies,2new subtribes and1new change of status. The new taxon such as: Ocnera medvedevi Ren&Ba,2009,Trigonocnera granulata Ba&Ren,2009, Sternoplax (Mesosternoplax) bicarinata sp. nov., S.(Parasternoplax) lineola sp.nov., Sternotrigon albipilus sp. nov., Anatolica ningxiana Ren&Ba,2010, A. rugata Ren&Ba,2010, A. subpolita Ren&Ba,2010, Ascelesodis brevidentata sp. nov., A. limbalis sp. nov., A. pseudothibetana sp. nov., Freudeia heteromaxillaria Ba&Ren,2012, Microdera (Dordanea) promptipuncta Ren&Ba,2010, M.(Microdera) scyphiforma Ren&Ba,2010, M.(M.)shandanana Ren&Ba,2010, M.(M.) xinjiangana Ren&Ba,2010, Scythis tenuimarginis Ren&Ba,2010, Scytosomadissilimarginis Ren&Ba,2010, Syachis angustus sp. nov. and S. truncatus sp. nov.; Pimeliina Latreille,1802subt. nov. andPlatyopina Semenov,1893subt. nov.; Pseudethas convexigena (Ren&Shi,2006) comb. nov.2. The subfamily Pimeliinae were cladistical analysised using the Paup4.0; the results supports the combination of thetribe Pimeliini and Platyopini (Doyen,1993), and the tribe ought to separate to two subtribes, the subtribe Pimeliina and thesubtribe Platyopina; the result supports the combination of the tribe Tentyriini and Eurymetopini (Bouchard et. al.2005), butnot support the combination of the tribe Tentyriini and Epitragini (Lillig,2008). The genetic relationship of the genusAscelosodis and Syachis nearst, and remote with other genera in the tribe Tentyriini.3. In the dissertation, the distributing maps of the subfamily Pimeliinae and the tribe Tentyriini in China and the generaPterocoma and Trigonocera in world are drawn, using the ArcView GIS3.2, according to specimen and the literature. Thebiogeograpy is analysised according to the maps, the results show that:a. The faunal composition of Pimeliinae primarily is the composition of palearctic realm in China, and has obviouscharacter of Middle Asia; the Mengxin region is the distributing centre of the subfamily Pimeliinae in China; such indicatethat there maybe are two spreading and replacing lines of the subfamily Pimeliinae in China, the species have different faunalorigin distributing in palearctic realm and in oriental realm, except for the effecting of ecological conditions. The feature ofdistribution of the subfamily is the species rich in northwest region and deficient in southeast region, the species rich inMidwest region and deficient in east region at the level of genus. The other feature of distribution of the subfamily is that thedistribution of species is similar with the mountain trend.b. The species of the subfamily Pimeliinae was divided into5distributing type according with their difference ofdistribution and habitation, such as the type of Tibet Plateau, the type of temperate glassland, the type of temperate desert, thetype of temperate glassland and desert and the type of subtropic forest. The type of Tibet Plateau includes7genera, they arespecies of Plateau evenly, and the genetic relationship is familiar with the species of Pamirs; the distributing character isspreading along to the east side of Himalayas. The type of temperate glassland and desert included9genera and112species,is the primary distributing type of Pimeliinae in China; the distribution of species present east and west trend mainly, andthere are North China region and Mengxin region2distributing centre. The type of temperate glassland includes4genera and5species. The type of temperate desert includes17genera87species, the distributing type is divided into two independentpart by the Bei mountain located in the border of Xinjiang and Gansu. The type of subtropic forest includes3genera4species, they distribute in the area of subtropical evergreen forest in southern of China, and show the Spread shape.c. Most of species in the tribe Tentyriini from China have narrow distribution, only a few are widespread species. TheMengxin district is the main distribution of the tribe, followed by the Qingzang district and Northchina district. At the level ofgenus, domestic genera often distribute in the Qingzang district and Northchina district. The species of Mengxin district issimilar with the species of adjacent area, and have obvious character of Central Asian distribution. The species diversitydecreases from distributing centre to other region. At the species level, the tribe Tentyriini have the character of localorigination, characterized by differentiated and dispersed from Mengxin district to other regions.d. The genus Pterocoma have concentrated distribution, characterized by north and south short and east and west longon distribution; the genus is divided into3distributed types, such as the type of Turan Depression, the type of TianshanMountain and the type of Mongolia plateau. The region of Tianshan Mountain is the original and divided centre of the genus, and the regions of Mongolia plateau and Turan Depression are the spread centre of the genus. The spread of the genus isinfluenced by the variation of elevation enormously. The mountain land and oasis are the boundary of the3distributing types,and are the break line of the distribution of species. For the larvae of the genus lived in soil, the ecologic restriction factor ofthe genus maybe the soil matrix and soil moisture, the factors play an important role in the differentiate and diffusion processof species.e. The genus Sternotrigon was divided into eastern Central Asia type and Mengolia plateau southern type. There are4species included in first type, and5species in second type; the species of first type distributing in Parmirs, south part ofTianshan Mountain and north-west of Kunlun Mountains; the species of second type distributing in south part of Mongoliaplateau. South part of Mongolia plateau is the original and divided centre of the genus, east part of Central Asia is the spreadcentre of the genus.B. AdaptationIn the dissertation, the character of desert adaptation about body color, feet and the wings were analysed. The result suchas:1. The species of subfamily Pimeliinae mostly are black or black brown, and take day activity the principal specie.3species are elected that they lived in Tengger Desert, the reflectivity of elytra were tested, the result show that: in the750~1000nm infrared area, the absorption rate in the nocturnal species is higher than in the Day trip species, and the differencemore and more obvious along with the increase of the wavelength. The result supported the hypothesis, what regards the backcolor of the subfamily Pimeliinae as imitating the species with defensive gland, for avoiding the natural enemy, but the bodycolor have nothing to do with the body temperature (Doyen&Somerby,1974).2. The foot is the chief locomotive organ of insect, the subfamily Pimeliinae evolutionary radiated to difference typesand structure of foot, these feet could divided into walking foot and mining foot by type. The length of walking footprogresses to elongation or shorten, in difference species of the subfamily Pimeliinae. The longer walking foot could by thehigh temperature of upper; at the same time, the raising body reduced the thermal radiation from upper. In the species withnormal walking foot, the shape or the accessory structure of the foot change, the changes could reduce the contact area withupper, for avoiding be scalded. The species of short foot mainly live in Qingzang plateau; the type foot is contributing toreduce radiating of body in the low temperature environment, what indicates that the Arlen’s law is fit for insect. The miningfoot only being the fore foot of some species of Pimeliinae; the type of foot is good for excavation in mellow soil or desert,so that, the insect could conceal and avoid natural enemy.3. Through the comparative analysis for the body form and the altitude. Except for Freudeia, Melaxumia and Scytosoma,the width/length increase in other genae belong to the elevation of antitude. The result show that the body has the evolutiontrend becoming broader and shorter, at the time of the elevation of antitude. |
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