| China is one of those countries that suffers the most serious geological hazard and has largest population under threaten in the world. With complicated geological conditions and frequent tectonic activities, disasters like collapse, landslide, mud-rock flow, surface collapse, land subsidence, ground fissures and other disasters, have features such as much hidden dangers and wide distribution, as well as strong concealment, suddenness, destructiveness and large prevention difficulties. Geological hazard causes average 1000 deaths in a year and the direct economic losses amounted to hundreds of billions RMB. The occurrence and changes of geological hazards can be mastered accurately through monitoring; effects of their prevention projects can be detected through comparison monitoring. All the geological monitoring data is an important basis for the scientific research of geological disasters. During the previous period of this century, both climate change and earthquake are in an active period, which strengthens the occurrence of landslide, collapse, mud-rock flow, ground cracks due to heavy rain and earthquake. The following 5-10 years will still be a high-incidence season. Therefore, we must take use of real-time monitoring, advanced data acquisition technology and reliable network transmission to provide more detailed data for forecasting and gain more time for disaster prevention.The occurrence of geological hazard is based on certain formation conditions. Geological process of causing disaster usually needs a certain power to induce(damage). Some of inducing powers are natural, but some are manmade. So there are some differences among different geological hazards in formation conditions, damages caused etc.. This paper analyzes classification, development and distribution features, as well as disasters of geological hazard in China, study the concurrence mechanism of typical geological hazards like collapse, landslide, mud-rock flow etc. and explore the method to make geological hazard risk assessment through utilizing intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy theory.Equipment applied in monitoring is significant in the development of monitoring technology. Monitoring technology includes direct information, indirect information and inducing elements technology. This paper has studied common monitoring method and equipment, including surface displacement monitoring, underground deformation monitoring, hydrological monitoring and data acquisition and warning facility etc, and analyzed deviation resources of digital camera when making photogrammetry, set up an accurate calibration method according to calibration data extraction, calibration model establishment, parameter calculation and optimizing, procedures of distortion rectifying and rectified pixel quantitative noise error, image coordinate axis orthotropic error, eccentric error, radial lens distortion error and tangential distortion error successively. The experiment turns out that a calibration result can be gained through such method.Monitoring data transmission includes short distance transmission in objected area, remote network transmission and data verification, compression, encryption etc. in transmitting process. At beginning of this paper, energy hole avoidance algorithm based on quantum immune has been put forward on the basis of network feature of wireless sensor. Such algorithm integrates natural parallelism of quantum computing and enough adaptivity of immune algorithm. It has better population diversity, better convergence rate and more effective overall and local optimizing ability compared with traditional evolutionary algorithms. Results of contrast experiment show: such algorithm is able to improve network effectiveness when comparing with existed one. Then, this paper makes a study to telecommunication technique in monitoring, covering GPRS, LTE, DIGICOM and son on. Next, this paper introduces common data compression method and calibration method and brings up some data compression methods proper to monitor. In the following parts, it has studied common encryption method and set up a new image encryption method on the basis of Lorenz chaotic mapping theory and finite field theory. This encryption method is implemented through using Lorenz chaotic mapping theory to divide original image into image array, and then handle image array in finite field by combining chaotic mapping and calculating in finite field. It is a method to balance speed and effect with good effect and speed.Present monitoring software has some problems, like not easy to maintain, poor data exhibition effects and so on. Concerning this point, this paper firstly discusses the maintainability of software in process of developing geological hazard real-time monitoring and information management integration system, studies three-tier architecture, Silverlight, MVVM mode and other software developing technologies and puts forward to applying dynamic compiling technology to system development to enable its users to keep upgrading and improving existing software system to some degree. Afterwards, an overall design has been made to the system. The data indication of clients are implemented through using Silverlight technology and MVVM mode on the basis of realizing the real time acquisition, uploading and storage of monitoring data, like surface displacement, deep displacement, crack displacement, quantity of rainfall, water level, crack hydraulic pressure(osmotic pressure), stress, soil pressure and so on.Geological real-time monitor and information management integration system have already applied to three monitoring project sites, such as monitoring exemplary base in transformed Anziba residential area of Wangjiang Road, Wanzhou District, landslide monitoring exemplary base of C.P.P.C.C. Building in Jiangnan New District, perilous rock monitoring exemplary base of 7# building in Four Season Flower City Community of Wanzhou District. The paper firstly introducea general conditions, formation mechanism and transformation trend, monitoring content, as well as distribution of each monitoring base, then make analysis to system monitoring data. All these results show that the system can reflect real-time value and its continuous transforming trend of each monitoring parameter, which can provide a basis to disaster prevention and reducing, as well as forecasting and prevention. |
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