Research On The Characteristics Of Geological Hazards In Hexigten Global Geopark, China

With the unique geographical location, which is located in the conjunction of the Greater Khingan Mountains, Yanshan Mountains, Hunshandake Sands, rich and diverse geological landscapes were created in Hexigten Global Geopark, China. As the first world global geopark in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, after several years of development, the construction of Hexigten Global Geopark has made an important breakthrough which has been the typical example of domestic and international global geopark construction. It has played an important role in local economic development. Meanwhile, precisely because of its complex geological environment and conditions, the several kinds of geological hazards were widely distributed in the parks, along the main external transport. The major geological hazards constituted a certain threat on the geopark construction and regional economic and social development.On the basis of relative programs of geological hazard investigation, geopark construction and geological heritage evaluation in Hexigten Banner over the years, combined with gathering domestic and foreign data, the author took a systematic analyses of the geological backgrounds, developmental conditions, types, characteristics, distribution and the major factors in Hexigten, and geological hazard susceptibility zoning were respectively completed in Hexigten areas. Moreover, with a systematic summary of the characteristics of geological heritages in Hexigten Global Geopark, geopark development and protection types were discussed. Finally, the general method for geological hazards prevention and management strategies and control measures within geopark construction was put forwardThe following five opinions are the chief conclusions of this thesis.1) The main types and distribution characteristics of geological hazard in Hexigten Banner were preliminarily revealed. The sudden geological hazards include landslides, mudflows, landfalls and ground subsidence and so on. The main type of geological hazards is mudflow and the second is landfalls. Distribution of geological hazard was generally unbalanced. The majority of geo-hazards are concentrated in the eastern region and northern areas which are in the valleys of mountains, low mountains and lava plateau.2) The main factors of geological hazards in Hexigten Banner were preliminarily revealed. The landform conditions have played a decisive role on the development of geological hazards, and the different strata and lithologic rock structure, the type of geological hazards and development degree also different. With the cyclical changes in regional climate conditions, landfalls, landslides and mudflow were also showed some of the periodic law. And the human activities in the area have become the leading reason which has caused various types of hazards.3) Geological hazard susceptibility zoning were respectively completed in Hexigten areas by using evaluation methods in combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative evaluation. The results showed that the study area can be divided into four parts, such as the geological hazard high susceptibility zones, middle susceptibility zones, low susceptibility zones and non-susceptibility zones, which were accounting for 3.98%, 39.66%, 27.60% and 28.76% respectively.4) According to the overall layout and the resource type, geographical features and planning theme ideas of Hexigten geopark, combined with its development conditions, functional areas of the geopark were divided. Also, the grading requirements and protection measures on the geopark protection and development were put forward.5) According to some experiences and methods for decreasing and preventing geological hazards, the general principles, method and focus for geological hazards management and engineering control measures were preliminary studied so as to provide the good geological environment for Hexigten economy sustainable development and geopark construction.