Research On Construction Of Functional Carbon Nanotube Material Systems And Their Biomedical Basic Issues And Adsorbing Applications

Carbon nanotubes, as a kind of typical nanostructure material, are showing great promise in all kinds of industrial fields due to their unique structure and fascinating properties. Nano-materials are imperceptibly promoting a new industrial revolution, and gradually permeating and changing people’s lives. As in the biomedical filed, the newly developed nano medicine technologies based on carbon nanotubes, such as bio-imaging, drug delivery and molecular detection methods, provide a broad novel insight for early tumor diagnose and target therapy. Besides, carbon nanotubes show a more efficient adsorbing ability to traditional adsorbents, which might provide helpful assistances in some increasing serious waste treatments. However, before the large-scale industrialized applications of nano-materials including carbon nanotubes being achieved, many fundamental questions still need to be solved. Due to such a research background, this thesis focuses on some particular issues in specific applications of carbon nanotubes. We designed and constructed several kinds of functional carbon nanotube material systems, and studied some of their biomedical basic issues and preliminary adsorbing applications. Meanwhile the preparing methods for some nano-materials were also discussed. The detailed research contents and results are summarized as below:(1) The bio-functional carbon nanotube material system was constructed based on chitosan decoration. The instinct disadvantages of raw carbon nanotubes was improved, which provides a premise of proper carbon nanotubes applicated in biomedical filed. Modified via chitosan, carbon nanotubes gain a better bio-compatibility, and chitosan supplies a platform for further bio-functional molecule decorations, such as fluorescent probe, tumor targeting ligand, all kinds of drugs and so on. The carbon nanotubes functionalized by chitosan can be efficiently internalized by cells, which is beneficial to their bio-medical applications of such material systems.(2) The drug delivery system containing chitosan decorated carbon nanotubes as vehicles and tea polyphenol as drug was constructed. The active methods for controlling the drug release in such delivery system was studied. The pH of solution, temperature and γ irradiation were selected as triggers, and the drug release properties of such tea polyphenol/carbon nanotube delivery system in aqueous solution induced by these triggers was then discussed and proved according to the spectrum analysis. These results might provide some research fundamentals for further applications of such drug delivery system in vitro and in vivo studies.(3) Dual fluorescent labeled carbon nanotube probe was constructed for studying and tracking its subcellular fate. The interaction of carbon nanotubes and cells together with the drug delivery system working mechanism inside cells were respective discussed. Owning to the multi functional fluorescent labeling and sensitive confocal imaging technology, the subcellular vehicle transport of carbon nanotubes and the drug release process in specific intracellular point were directly visualized for the first time. These results might provide more information of the interaction of carbon nanotubes and bio-systems, and also bring novel inspiration for further understanding or newly designing of drug delivery systems.(4) Functional carbon nanotube adsorbing materials were designed and constructed for removing specific aimed compound in aqueous solution. Considering of the instinct disadvantages of raw carbon nanotubes used as adsorbing material, such as the inconvenient separation and molding, the design concepts of magnetic carbon nanotube adsorbent and the macroscopic carbon nanotube adsorbent materials were interpreted respectively. Due to the magnetic separation route and the bulk material shaping method, the improved adsorbing material based on carbon nanotubes might be more maneuverable and practical in applications.(5) Multi functional carbon nanotube macroscopic adsorbing material was constructed for studying its application possibility in radioactive waste water treatment. Based on carbon nanotube spongiform material, the Prussian blue analogues which exhibit ion exchange property were introduced into the pore walls, excluding the disadvantages of them when used alone. The resulting multi functional adsorbing material showed a good capacity and selectivity of cesium and strontium ions in mixed solution, therefore exhibiting a good promise to be processed into practical facilities and applied in massive radioactive waste water treatment which is gaining more and more concern now.(6) A γ radiation synthetic route for preparing nanoparticles based on water soluble chitosan template was developed and some nanoparticles exhibiting surface plasma resonance property such as nano gold and nano silver were prepared. Meanwhile the “green” feature of radiation synthetic method was combined with the nanoparticles’ application in bio-imaging, and these nanoparticles present a good scattering imaging effect in the dark filed. The numerous advantages of radiation synthetic method afford its great promise in preparing nano-materials for biomedical applications. Besides, with improvement and extension, multi functional nano composite material systems such as nanoparticle combined nanotubes could be efficiently obtained through such route.