Theory And Planning Of Abandoned Mine Land Restoration Oriented By Urban GI

With vast territory and rich resources, our country has advantageous conditions of geological metallogenesis. Driving the development of national economy, mining is also accompanied by the generation of a large amount of abandoned mine land at the same time, which brings a strong damage to natural ecosystem. The ecological space of the coal cities in the east plain is facing the "Dual Pressures" from rapid urbanization and mining activities which threats the urban green infrastructure(GI), so the ecological restoration of abandoned mine land in coal cities becomes one of the most important ways for the reconstruction of ecological space. The core of traditional practice in ecological restoration of abandoned mine land is to solve the ecological problems, but the local ecological restoration and reconstruction of urban ecological function is not closely integrated,with a consequence that the decentralized ecological engineering can’t get the maximum ecological benefits. So this paper attempts to develop a connection between urban GI and mining areas, placing the post-mining land under the background of a integration of mine, city, and rural areas. With the general objective of urban GI optimization, this paper proposes a macro-level guidance for the ecological restoration of abandoned mine land. Based on the principle of landscape ecology and recovery ecology, this paper takes the abandoned mine land in Xuzhou metropolitan area as the research object and establishes the theoretical system, methodological model, coordination mechanism and guarantee system of the ecological restoration planning of abandoned mine land, which is oriented by urban GI optimization and is suitable for the coal cities in plain region of our country. Thus, this paper provides the basis for a more scientific and holistic decision-making process of the ecological restoration of abandoned mine land and the urban ecological space planning.This paper gets a core of ecological restoration of post-mining landscape under the guidance of GI and takes broad and deep research from different aspects, such as theories, methods and demonstrations:(1) Based on the background subject integration of landscape ecology and restoration ecology, with large scale landscape ecological restoration as the core idea, the theoretical system of ecological restoration of abandoned mine land is constructed under GI system. After interpreting the meaning of "Integral optimal, Ecological priority and Multi-organize" in abandoned mine land ecological restoration under the guide of GI, we summarize the objective system and the principle of ecological restoration oriented by GI, set different research scale levels of sites, areas, cities and regions, and propose the emphasis of study under each scale. From defining the concept and connotation, setting the ecological restoration object, carrying out evaluation of the ecological restoration regionalization and developing recovery strategies, to the establishment of the coordination mechanisms and security mechanisms of space planning, we build the basic process in the ecological restoration of post-mining landscape oriented by GI.(2)Taking Xuzhou as an example, the paper demonstrates the relevance of function and structure between abandoned mine land and GI. Through on-site investigation and related data collection, the paper summarizes the characteristics of abandoned mine land in Xuzhou concerning ecosystem, spatial distribution and the present situation of use; At the same time, the paper demonstrates the characteristics of the GI elements and layout in Xuzhou and proves that coal cities have widespread ecological problems——Habitat fragmentation and landscape connectedness fade-out which is caused by mining activities, rapid urbanization. At the same time, from the perspective of habitat protection, the paper proposes abandoned mine land have great ecological potential. By superimposing on the spatial distribution of the abandoned mine land and GI, the paper establishes the structural relevance of both and deems abandoned mine land having the possibility of optimizing the present structure of GI. Moreover, from the perspective of various ecosystem services function including the supply of service function, habitat support function, regulating function and cultural service function, the paper discusses the function of the correlation.(3)The paper is based on ArcGIS10.2 platform and uses 2013 Landsat-TM satellite RS images. Aiming at urban GI optimization and based on the aspects of internal ecological properties and external structural position of the abandoned mining land, this paper designs an evaluation model of GI-oriented ecological recovery of abandoned mine land and establishes the contribution index of GI optimization(Cgi) for abandoned mine land. Using the Pressure-Status-Relevant(PSR) model, the evaluation index(EI) of ecological importance of abandoned mine land is established, EI values and corresponding grades of abandoned mine land in Xuzhou is calculated in units of 30m×30m grids; Using Conefor Sensinode 2.6 landscape connection degree software, the paper calculates the importance(d I) of the abandoned mine land patches for maintaining the connection degree of the overall urban landscape and determines the order of importance of abandoned mine land patches. Internal EI ranks and external dI ranks are integrated to obtain the Cgi values and corresponding grades of abandoned mine land in Xuzhou city, which are used as a standard of ecological restoration regionalization. From high to low, Xuzhou will be divided by the grades into the mining conservation type GI recovery area, recreation type GI recovery area, production-oriented type GI recovery area and construction land recovery area.(4) Based on the analysis of the spatial planning system of Multi-planning Integration in China, the method of theoretical derivation and department interviews are adopted to set up a GI-oriented coordination framework of the spatial planning for the ecological restoration of abandoned mine area. From the perspective of the planning objectives, the content of the preparation and the range of control, the paper demonstrates the effects of the overall planning of urban and rural areas, the land use overall planning, national economic & social development planning and special planning of land reclamation on their Failure control of abandoned mine land and the reasons for it. In order to achieve GI–oriented ecological restoration of mining land as the goal, this paper sums up the existing deficiencies in the existing plannings and considers that the goal is not only to put forward suggestions for a certain kind of planning, but also to pay attention to the coordination and interaction among different plans. Therefore, we start establishing coordination mechanisms of the special planning for abandoned mine land ecological restoration to promote the overall urban ecological special reconstruction from the aspects of statutory planning, non-statutory planning and special planning and their relationships.(5) By using the methods of literature research and case analysis based on different stakeholders questionnaire, we analyze abandoned mine land ecological restoration in the specific issues of implementation and key contradiction under the guidance of the GI. Selecting four perspectives including policies and regulations, organization, funding sources and ecological ideas, using multi stakeholder coordination and cooperation platform to build a bridge, with the basis of building a natural protection and recovery, land reclamation, turning brownfield site into green area and different levels of policy system construction, via the way of emphasizing the financing mode of public-private partnerships, in order to carry out the concept of ecological priority as the core, this paper establishes the guarantee mechanism for the implementation of abandoned mine land ecological restoration planning under the guidance of GI.