Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Children With Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder And Primary Nocturnal Enuresis

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which is a non-invasive technique, has become a powerful tool for brain function research. Most of the fMRI experiments that using task design or resting-state method to study the brain’s changes are based on the blood oxygen levels dependent (BOLD). With the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and other new technologies’ development, fMRI can reflect the brain function’s abnormality from different views, and it has been widely used in neuroscience, magnetic resonance science and clinical science.The dissertation describes several common fMRI methods’experimental design, data processing and statistical analysis, including the block task design and resting-state fMRI. Then we introduce diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tracing’s data processing and statistical analysis method. Finally, we apply these technologies to two common diseases in children, including Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).Primary nocturnal enuresis is a common childhood disease, but the study on it is considerably limited, except that only a small number of behavioral and startle blink experiments tried to find the main cause of PNE. In this dissertation, we used, for the first time, multiple fMRI methods to investigate the main cause of PNE, including task based fMRI, resting-state fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). According to the experimental results, we analysed and obtained preliminary conclusions, refined the children’s bladder control model and suggested some our reviews and conclusions, provided a foothold for the disease diagnosis and treatment of PNE.Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, because of its high prevalence, high risk and high harm, has become one of the worst psychological and behavioral disorders in childhood. Howerver, previous literatures about ADHD’results are inconsistent. The main reason is that the subjects group is not accurate. Therefore, we scanned more than one hundred children with ADHD and 48 healthy children as controls, according to age and subtype, using multiple fMRI methods, to explore the brain’s abnormality and related neural mechanisms’dysfunction of ADHD. In our DTI study, our results have confirmed some previous conclusions proposed on literatures, and we put forward some new views, too.