| Background and ObjectivesSleep is an important part of human life process, about a third of one’s life time is spent in sleep. Sleep is a kind of special movement form of life, is also the body of a kind of self protection mechanism, regularity of individual survival and maintain normal psychological and physiological rhythm plays a vital role. Sleep deprivation is through force of its own reason or environment lead to the decrease in the number of sleep or sleep, by a state of process and quality. The study found that sleep deprivation can cause the body behavior, emotions, not only the change of the respect such as learning, memory, also can cause hormone secretion, neurotransmitter release, immediate early gene expression and some specific changes in protein expression. With the rapid development of modern society, human life rhythm is accelerating, the face of all kinds of stress events continue to increase, resulting in a series of sleep disorder disease and lead to significantly higher incidence of sleep deprivation, which affects the body physiological function, each system of circadian rhythm disorders. In sleep deprivation on mental physiological activities of various kinds of effects, the brain and heart function is affected the most obvious is the most serious, therefore, domestic and foreign research on sleep deprivation more concentrated in two aspects of the nervous system and cardiovascular system. But with the deepening of the research on sleep deprivation, more and more clinical and basic research confirmed that sleep deprivation can also affect other systems of the body’s normal physiological function.Temporomandibular joint disorder disease is a common disease and frequently encountered disease in dental, representing involving the masticatory muscle system and (or) of temporomandibular joint is a kind of clinical problems related to the sum of a group of disease, its etiology and pathogenesis is complex. Research suggests that psychological factors (such as anxiety, depression and other emotional state) in the occurrence and development of TMD play an extremely important role in the process. Sleep deprivation as a kind of typical endogenous source of stress, whether can cause or worsen the temporomandibular joint disorders, affecting the movement of the mouth and jaw system function, has not been reported at home and abroad, therefore, sleep disorder counterpart jaw movement function of the system and the related mechanism needs further research. This topic through the effects of sleep deprivation on masseter damage to related research, in order to further clarify the relationship between sleep deprivation and temporomandibular joint disorders to lay the theoretical foundation.Materials and Methods1.The establishment and evaluation of Sleep deprivation animal model.Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups,1d,5d,9d sleep deprivation group, normal control group, and big platform control group; Modified multiple platform method was adopted to establish the rat sleep deprivation model; At each period oberseved the rats’behavior change, Observe the content changes of CORT, ACTH and TSH in serum after sleep deprivation.2. The effect of sleep deprivation on electromyography of rat masticatory muscle.Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups,1d,5d,9d sleep deprivation, group, normal control group, big platform control group. Modified multiple platform method was adopted to establish the rat sleep deprivation model; At each period oberseved the change of the masticatory muscle electromyography in rats.3. The effects of sleep deprivation on morphology and ultrastructure of rat masseter.Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups,1d,5d,9d sleep deprivation group, normal control group, and big platform control group; Modified multiple platform method was adopted to establish the rat sleep deprivation model; At each period oberseved; At each period to observe the changes of histomorphology and ultrastructure of the rats.4.The effects of sleep deprivation on oxidative stress and inflammation indicators of rat masseter.Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups,1d,5d,9d sleep deprivation, group, normal control group, big platform control group. Established the rat sleep deprivation model; Further observation the effects of sleep deprivation related oxidative stress index of masseter muscle in activity of the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). To observe the effect of content about malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the content change of high sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP).Results1.The establishment and evaluation of Sleep deprivation animal model.(1) Through the improvement of multiple platform sleep deprivation method to establish the rat model of sleep deprivation has a good simulation of the effect of sleep deprivation.(2) The basic situation of rats After1day sleep deprivation, the rats excitability enhanced, activity increased;5days sleep deprivation, the rats showed a phenomenon of irritability, had apparent attack;9days sleep deprivation, the rats activity reduced, reaction force were abate, showing a very weak state, rapid breathing, dispirited and poor spirit. Big platform group and normal control group rats had normal diet and water, and body quality was significantly increased compared before experiment. The reaction for outside stimulation was accurate and sensitive.(3) Open field test Big platform control group and normal control group had no statistical difference on rearing scores and crossing scores. Both SDld group and SD5d group had significant statistically difference on rearing scores and crossing scores compared with control group. SD9d group was lower rearing score and crossing score than that of normal control group and the big platform group, and had statistically significant.(4) The serological indexes Compared with normal control group, and a big platform control, It presents the trend of first increase and then decrease about the content level of adrenocorticotropic hormone (CORT), cortisol (ACTH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in serum of rats with duration of sleep deprivation.2. The effects of sleep deprivation on morphology and ultrastructure of rat masseterIn sleep deprivation Id,5d and9d group, the temporalis and masseter potential were higher than that of control group, it has statistically significant difference between them either in the state of relaxation or gritted state. At the same time, sleep deprivation group of bilateral temporalis and masseter EMG resting period than the control group significantly extended.3. The effects of sleep deprivation on morphology and ultrastructure of rat masseter.(1) The masseter histomorphology Sleep deprivation caused different degrees of influence on masseter, main histologic findings is disordered arrangement of muscle fibers, uneven thickness, horizontal grain fuzzy disappear, muscle fiber atrophy fracture, inflammatory cells infiltration, muscle tissue inside blood vessel growth, expansion, etc. The change in the short term increase with longer duration of sleep deprivation.(2) The masseter ultrastructure The sleep deprivation5d group rat masseter muscle cell mitochondria edema, matrix density decreased, mitochondrial crista decreased, muscle fibers in microvascular mild congestive changes. Sleep deprivation9d group rat masseter mitochondria severe cavitation change, muscle fiber microvascular appear more serious congestive change.4. The effects of sleep deprivation on oxidative stress and inflammation indicators of rat masseter.(1) Oxidative stress indicators Compared with normal control group and big platform control, the content of MDA, GSH and H2O2increased significantly (P<0.05) in muscle tissue of rats and has a significant upward trend with longer duration of sleep deprivation. The activity of SOD, GSH-px and CAT has a tendency to decrease with longer duration of sleep deprivation. (2) Inflammation index The content of hs-CRP in masseter muscle tissue showed a trend of rising with longer duration of sleep deprivation.Conclusions1. The improvement of multiple platform sleep deprivation method to establish the rat model of sleep deprivation has a good simulation of the effect of sleep deprivation.2. Sleep deprivation can cause changes in the behavior of rats and serological index. behavioral and serological evaluation indexes is success criteria of sleep deprived animal model establishment.3. Sleep deprivation can affect masticatory muscle electromyography of rats, this may be one of the causes of the temporomandibular joint disorders.4. Sleep deprivation can cause obvious organization morphological changes in rat masseter, and can lead to masseter muscle fibers micro vascular congestive change and mitochondrial damage.The damage can increase with the extension of the time.5. Sleep deprivation can cause obvious rat masseter oxidative stress reaction, and can cause obvious inflammation in the rat masseter. |
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