| Background:The number of AIDS patients in China tend to grow increasingly year by year since the first AIDS case identified in 1985, and currently, China is in her third stage of the impact of HIV/AIDS(The process of the impact of HIV/AIDS is generally described as key stages by:first, virus infections; second, morbidity and mortality; third, individuals and families have been bearing both the economic and social costs of the disease, and fourth, crisis begins to be observed at community and state level). Globally, AIDS is rated as a serious public health and social problem, and unexceptionally one of the leading problems affected China’s advance, especially the most vulnerable group of children orphaned by AIDS (COBA),and had called a high attention from government level and concerns of academic research. Meanwhile, these tangible resources such as human capital and physical capital are applied to cope with the AIDS problems that played a role of a weak position, therefore, social capital has been become the hotspot of research.Objective:To get the data including sociodemographic characteristics, social capital stock at micro level, coping style and subjective life quality of COBA, and take the normal children as a control, and make a comprehensive assessment of the level of physical and mental health, and analyze the influencing factors of social capital stock and the influence of the stock on the style and the quality, so as to determine the key problems and explore the strategy for responding to orphan crises under the theory framework of social capital and finally call for more attention and support for COBA.Method:Registered COBA in the city, including COBA-0 whose father and/or mother died of HIV and COBA-N whose father and/or mother were infected, were selected as the targeted, and a convenience sample of the normal children came from the same district were taken as the control by adopting 1:1matching design according to gender and age. In the survey, revised questionnaire of social capital, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) and Chinese version of pediatric quality of life inventory measurement models (PedQLTM) 4.0 were used. By comparing the differences in the stock, the style and the quality between the two groups, we explored the cause of the differences and seeked the reasonable responses.Results:1.282 of the total 307 children were investigated; the response rate was 91.86%.2.Basic physiological state:by comparison with the corresponding Control, the average height of male COBA was lower, and the other groups had no difference.3. Social capital questionnaire(1) Social network, participation, support and trust, these four dimensions including 17 items compose the revised questionnaire. The overall Cronbach’s a was 0.773, as for the construct validity,4 principal components were extracted which can explain 72.972% of the total variance.(2) The dimension of social network included 3 items. In the matter of the number of relatives and friends, COBA was no difference from Control. However, for the number of kinds of the people’s occupation, Control was more than COBA. The dimension scores were similar.(3) The dimension of social participation included 4 items, were the number of organizations the subjects joined, the frequency of activities that the organization developed and the times of the subjects participated in activities in the past 6 months, and the frequency of activities that the subjects actively participated in, respectively. COBA and Control had no difference in the 4 items. The dimension scores were also similar.(4)The dimension of social support included 5 items. Compared with Control, the COBA had the same level of subjective support, lower level of objective support, and made less use of support. In this dimension, Control showed higher scores than COBA.(5) The dimension of social support included 5 items. The trust degree of COBA on the guardian, the relative and the other intimate were all lower than Control’s, but on the teacher and the health worker, which had the similar level. Scores of COBA were lower than Control in this dimension.(6) COBA had lower social capital stock than the control.(7) The result of covariance analysis showed that respondents group, age group, whether or not be in school, the type of upbring and the profession of guardian were the factors.4. By SCSQ findings, in the positive copying dimension, they had the similar scores, but in the negative, COBA’s were higher than Control’s.5. In PedsQLTM results, the subjective quality life scores of COBA were lower. The physical domain score of COBA equaled the Control, but in the psychological domain, COBA were lower. And the result showed that COBA were less than Control in measures of emotion and society function but no difference in the role function.6. The influence factors of coping style were respondents group and the social capital stock.7. The influence factors of subjective life quality were respondents group, the social capital stock and coping style.Conclusions:1. The physical and mental health condition of COBA:(1) COBA had normal physiological condition and activity of daily living in this study.(2) Although COBA could fulfill relevant code of behavior, they were affected by some negative feelings like frustration and fear more seriously. COBA had trouble dealing with people and tended to adopt a negative attitude when faced to the life events.2. Social capital, coping style and life quality(1) The social capital questionnaire used in this study had a good reliability and validity and was universal.(2) For COBA, the social network was normal but the heterogeneity was lower, the level of social participation of COBA was normal and they organizations included formal and informal forms such as Young Pioneers and other associations, the level of social support was lower and objective support was less, and they made less use of support and had a lower trust degree.(3) The influence factors of social capital were respondents group, age group, whether or not be in school, the type of upbring and the profession of guardian for the respondents.(4) COBA had a lower life quality than Control because of the weakness of emotion and society function.(5) The storage of social capital affected the coping style of respondents and COBA were used to selecting negative style under stress condition.(6) On the evaluation of subjective life quality, COBA were lower than normal children. Life quality had significantly positive correlation with the stock of social capital and the positive coping style.Suggestion:1. To enhance the knowledge of COBA and perfect the existing social support system.2. To embrace innovation and bring the trust theory into full play.3. To perfect the network and improve the heterogeneity of the COBA’s network.4. To mobilize more participation and actively explore a sustainable mechanism of COBA’s development. |
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