The Study On Adverbs Of Universal Quantifier

Based on the theory of Semantics、 Functional Linguistics, especially Cognitive Linguistics, this thesis analyzed the semantic functional restriction on syntactical distribution of adverbs of universal quantifier, such as "Quan, Dou(全、都)". The paper observed the choosing inclination on three domains of "acts、knowledge、speech" of those adverbs, found the different negative forms of those words and then probed on the reasons for those differences, described the rules which controlling their co-occurrence and substitute, then discussed the pragmatic functions of co-occurrence and the pragmatic effects of those substitute.In addition, the paper gave a special attention to the semantic functions and the direction changing of semantic relevance of three Dou’s(都),and gave a explanation to the choosing strategies and constrictions which the semantic functions acting on the syntactic forms. By this way, the thesis supplemented the deficiency of past researching on those adverbs and deepened the understanding of them.The preface, Chapter1, introduced the original idea of this paper,the domain of research,the framework of theory,the thinking way and method of the research mainly.By Summarizing the past research on adverbs of universal quantifier, such as " Quan, Dou(全、都)" in Modern Chinese, the preface pointed out the shortage of those research and gave our focus on this topic. There is a illustrate for the corpus at the end of this chapter.Chapter2Checked the semantic functional changing of three "Dou" Longitudinally and found that during the process that the semantic functional changing from additional function,through polar permission, to polar prominence, the direction of semantic relevance changed from left relevance, through over boundary relevance,to right relevance simultaneously,and the "Dou" changed into a modality adverb from scope adverb at last.Chapter3studied the improvement that the semantic functions act on the syntax which concerning other four adverbs of universal quantifier,"Quan, Tongtong, Yigai,Yilv(全,统统,一概,一律)”At first,the difference of semantic functions reflects different point of view and different method which the people generalize common things.Without subjective," Dou(都)" is a very objective term when it is used on generalization. The integrity of argument highlighted by the semantic function of Quan(全)".The frequency of its usage is very low.as the cognitive activities for human is hard and the necessity is relatively low.The semantic function of "Tongtong(统统)" is to make a vague generalization. It is used orally as it is inaccurate and is used as a derogatory term frequently.The semantic function of Yigai(一概)" is to generalize the whole and to hide individuals. This function reflects speakers’angle of observation which is from the agent or speaker to patient(or other semantic roles).From this angle, the characters of patient or other semantic roles were hidden, and the patient (or other semantic roles) became a argument. Those changes plus the rule of left-constrain of adverbs of universal quantifier makes "Yigai(一概)"accepted the marked sentence pattern which the patient (or other semantic roles) are located on the head.In addition to structure, the syntactic characteristics of the predicate VP. the characteristics of semantics and the characteristics of arguments of sentences which contains " Yigai(一概)”are constrained by the semantic functions of " Yigai(一概)”.Adopted the theory of three domains of "acts、knowledge、speech",chapter4studied the choosing inclination of those adverbs of universal quantifier on conception domains (take sentence as unit)." Dou(都)’’has no contribution to the domain of "knowledge" and "speech",even has negative effect sometimes."Dou(都)" is more active on the domain of "acts",and "Quar(全)”,"Tongtong((统统)”too."Yigai(一概)" prefer the cross domain of "acts" and "knowledge" or of "speech". The main matching domain of "Yilv(一律)”is on "speech" such as speech action of regulations and instructions. From the angle of quantity, Chapter5discussed the negative rules of those adverbs analyzed the characters of quantity and negative forms one by one. Every adverb of universal quantifier can get a universal negation and only "Dou(都)"and "Quan(全)" can get a gradation negation,because the meaning of "Dou(都)’’and "Quan(全)”are discrete and they are indefinite quantifiers while as others are definite quantifiers.Chapter6described rules of co-occurrence and substitute of those adverbs, analyzed the different pragmatic effects of co-occurrence and substitute of those adverbs from the point of pragmatic functions,and explained that why some substitutions are ungrammatical.By summarizing the paper and summing up the researching result on this thesis, the last chapter showed some defects of it and gave some advise on future researching topics about adverbs of universal quantifier from the cognitive angle.