Korean Ambassadors And Chinese Liaodong In Ming Dynasty

On the basis of the research of our predecessor, this paper made acomprehensive study on Korean Ambassadors and Chinese Liaodong of MingDynasty. By researching activities of Korean Ambassadors, revealing the importantposition of Liaodong of China and Korea. The full-text is divided into three parts:the preface, body composed by five chapters and conclusion. Now we generalizedthe contens and main points of this paper as followed in the sequence of writing.In the preface, we defined the scope of basic concepts first, and analysised thetopic reason and value. Then the research status of academic circles was described.On this foundation we pointed out the emphasis and diffculty and the method onhow to do the research.The second part of the body is divided into five chapters.The first chapter mainly in spected the two sources. In1369, Ming dynasty andGaoli funded the Sino-foreign tributary relations, and sustained for277years.Missions of Korean Ambassadors were regular tributaries and tramp tributaries.Korean Ambassadors were composed of several positions, about thirty menbers. Theland route of Korean Ambassadors was: Zhenjiang→Liaodong Dusi→Guangning→Shanhanguan. The land route was not only terrain complex, but also influencedby minorities.The second chapter is divided into three sections. Relations bewteen KoreanAmbassadors and Liaodong prefectures were described. Liaodong was an importantstation of Korean Ambassadors tributing to the capital. Korean Ambassadors neededto meet prefectures, attend fete, etc, which were the fixed ceremonies. Theseceremonies were the reflect of tributary relations. prefectures arranged KoreanAmbassadors activrites, some of prefectures hospitality welcomed them, howeversome of prefectures blackmailed them. The third chapter is divided into three sections. The communications betweenKorean Ambassadors and Liaodong people were reasearched. The activites betweenKorean Ambassadors and Liaodong people were multi-level and several-aspect.Korean Ambassadors connected with Confucian person, common people, commonpeople, minorities, ect. Sometimes the relationships showed friendly mutual,sometimes misunderstandings and unfriendly. Korean Ambassadors contacted withLiaodong people in their homes mainly. Those relationships of Korean Ambassadors’influenced by Confucian culture.The fourth chapte is divied into four sections, which discribed Liaodong socialactivities observed by Korean Ambassadors. Economic contents mainly were towndevelopment and people’s production and living conditions. Political content mainlywere government decrees and corruptions. military content mainly werefortifications, training teaching fields, the enemy’s situations and generals. Culturalcontents mainly were prosperities of Buddhism and Taoism, tuneral ritual. Behindthe observing of Liaodong social, there were more strategic intents.The fifth chapter is divided into four sections. The trade between KoreanAmbassadors and Liaodong was discussed. Trades of two sides were very active inLiaodong. Tade positions were not fixed. Traded between them can be calssified intotwo types, free trade and levied trade. Trades showed significantly influenced toKorea and Liaodong society.The last is the conclusion.After summarizing the whole article,we can concludethat avtivities of Korean Ambassadors were limited in the tributary relations andinfluenced by Confucian culture. Avtivities in Liaodong was an important part ofKorean Ambassadors, which played an important role between China and Karea.Those activites of Korean Ambassadors should be paid more attention.