Studies On The Comparison Of Vocabulary In"A-yu Wang Zhuan" And "A-yu Wang Jing"

There are different conclusions on the interpreter of "A yu wang Zhuan"(《阿育王傳》)(five volumes or seven volumes) and "A yu wang Jing"(《阿育王經》)(ten volumes) in academic field. According to "Jin-shi Zα Lu "(《晉世雑録》)written by Zhu Daozu(竺道祖),some other Buddhist scriptures such as "Jing-lu Yixiang"(《經律異相》)"Fufa zang Yin yuan Zhuan"(《付法藏因缘傳》),and the translation styles in these two scriptures, e.g. annotations(來註),we can draw the conclusion that "A yu wang Zhuan " of the five volumes could be found in the late Jin Dynasty, while "A yu wang Zhuan " of the seven volumes was from the five volumes, which was rearrange the chapters in the light of the chapter divisions of "A yu wang Jing (ten volumes)"."A yu wang Jing " was translated by a monk named Seng qie po luo(僧伽婆羅)in Liang Dynasty. These two different Chinese translations about A yu wang(阿育王)may come from the same source.By comparing vocabularies in "A yu wang Zhuan " and "A yu wang Jing ", we can not only have a look at the difference of the translation style of Buddhist sutras in Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties, but also find the change of Chinese language at that time. And finally, we can tell when and where these scriptures were translated by this study. In this dissertation, we divided the vocabulary of "A yu wang Zhuan" and "A yu wang Jing" into Buddhism words, specialized words as well as common words, and then we compared these three types of different words one by one and found that the words used in these two scripture had much in common and meanwhile had lots of differences.There were some consistencies in these two scriptures:1) There were some new words or new meanings which appeared in Eastern Jin Dynasty in both two scriptures.2) There were both some usages which were influenced by original language of the sutra.3) There were both some Buddha source words.4) There were both some temporary usages which caused by the literary style of translation scriptures.Some differences in these two scriptures could also be found as follows:1)"A yu wang Zhuan" had more characteristics of the translations from northern; however.’A yu wang Jing" had the characteristics of the southern translations. On one side, some Buddhism words and specialized words in "A yu wang Zhuan " can only be found in several translation scriptures in the north. While some translated terms in the south can often be found in "A yu wang Jing ". On the other side, some northern dialect words, e.g. He(河),Boi(博),Man(曼)Guoyu(過於),etc. and some semantic items of words which often used in the northern literatures were often found in "A yu wang Zhuan". While some southern dialect words, e.g. Jiang(江), Bai-lu(白鹭)，etc.2) The translation of specialized terms in "A yu wang Jing" tended to be more regular.3) There were more plentiful words in "A yu wang Zhuan" than in "A yu wang Jing". The common words in both of the scriptures have a reflection of oral words and new usage of their age. But in general, the vocabulary system and semantic system of some oral words in "A yu wang Zhuan" were more plentiful than in "Ayu wang Jing".4) As for common used words, there were more oral usages of words in "A yu wang Zhuan". while some usages in "A yu wang Jing" were newer than "A yu wang Zhuan".We could draw these conclusions based on our analysis on the vocabularies of these two scriptures:Firstly."A yu wang Zhuan" showed more features of northern translating scriptures in Eastern Jin Dynasty, and it was probable that "A yu wang Jing" appeared in Liang Dynasty.Secondly, there were new translating terms and new words and meanings in Eastern Jin Dynasty, for the translation of Buddhist scriptures of "Lu(律)"."Lun (論)", and "A-han(阿含)”.Apart from new usage of few words, the vocabulary system in "A yu wang Jing" was nearly the same as that of translating scripture in Eastern Jin Dynasty. It is reasonable to take the period from Eastern Jin Dynasty to Sui Dynasty as the mature period in the history of translating scripture.Thirdly, the fact that the mix of classical Chinese words and oral words in "A yu wang Zhuan" might be a feature of the translators in the north of Eastern Jin Dynasty. And there were also some new oral words in "A yu wang Jing’,which is formal in the Register system, but we can hardly find the classical Chinese words or some oral words which used frequently in Middle Age in this scripture, and it had more vocabularies preferably used in written language. Maybe it was a reflection of "Tongyu(通語)”of Southern Dynasties.Besides, by identifying these two literatures with words, we can identify the translator of other scriptures of this period from "different words with the same meanings","new words and meanings in history" and "words which used in certain areas".