Studies On The Greening Principles And Methods Of The National Archaeological Site Park

National Archaeological Site Park is a new concept relatively，which is a newprotection and display mode of the great archaeological site, there is no existing theoryand method in this field for reference at present in the world, and also without theguidance of laws, regulations or rules in China, but only the National ArchaeologicalPark evaluation regulations and management measures and other relevant documents.Studying on greening principles and methods of the National Archaeological Site Parkis still a new topic, it may be said, the current domestic research on this field is a blank.It is a challenge and supplement to the traditional landscape architecture discipline andexisting greening theory, and an exploration and improvement for the related theories ofthe National Archaeological Site Park. This paper aims to study on the basis of greeningstatus of the domestic large archaeological sites and the National Archaeological SiteParks which are built or granted,discovered and summarized the greening problems atpresent, combined with the related theories and experience of cultural heritageprotection, conservation planning, protection planning of heritage conservation units,landscape planning and city greening, to research and discuss on the principles andmethods of The Archaeological Site Park in China, and give practice and demonstrationresearch through some cases.Through field survey, case study and other methods, summarized the current statusand problems existed in greening of Archaeological Site Parks and great ruins in China,mainly as follows: firstly, place undue emphasis on greening quantity and quality,ignoring the integrity and authenticity which the great ruins&sites should comply with, thus the environment of the great ruins&sites resulting in forest-like andgarden-like.Secondly, place undue emphasis on landscape scenery view and ecologicalbenefits, ignoring the historical properties and the environment status of the ruins andsites, thus lead the greening style of Archaeological Site Park to urbanization,modernization and even stereotyped pattern. Thirdly, it is lacking of understandingabout the green plants impact on the sites main body and its environment. Tree rootgrowth, alien plant application, the uncertainty of temporal and spatial variation of plant,and such as those will have a profound impact on the protection and display of thearchaeological sites. Fourthly, the greening method of great sites or archaeological parktends to be urban greening mode, an appropriate greening mode and assessment methodonArchaeological Site Park is absent at present.Based on the analysis and discussion of the relationship between greening and thegreat archaeological site, and the relationship between greening and NationalArchaeological Site Park, the overall guiding principles are put forward from threestages respectively, which is the historical greening, present greening and the futuregreening; that is, historical study on greening should follow the principle of objectivityand continuity; assessment of the present greening should adhere to the followingprinciples: regard both the ruins body and its environment as equally important,ecological safety first and taking account of cultural security then, pay attention to therelation between history pattern and current landscape style, to solve the presentproblems should be weighed against the existing technical conditions; Future greeningplan and design should follow the principle of authenticity and integrity, minimalintervention, sustainable ecological protection and functions diversification. Theprinciples above for the archaeological sites park greening research， assessment,planning and design has the characteristics of guidance, standardization and pertinence.From four parts to study and discuss the series of greening methods of thearchaeological sites park, which including the historic greening, present greening, futuregreening and greening effect evaluation. Historic greening mainly focus on doingresearch work, aimed at solving the problems as follows: which part of historic greeningneeds to be protected, which part needs to be recovered and which part needs to beshowed. Present greening mainly focus on assessment, aimed at solving the problems of which present greening should be kept and which should be removed. Future greeningfocus on planning and design, on the basis of history study results and current situationassessment and proposed, from the macro, meso, micro levels to study the " species ","situation","landscape" of the greening planning and design, then put forward thegreening idea, style, tree species selection, planting pattern and technique as well as thespecific space construction and planting design and so on. The construction of greeningeffect evaluation mainly focus on the determine of evaluation factors and weightcoefficient, this paper only preliminary studies on the greening evaluation method of theNational Archaeological Site Park,15evaluation factors were suggested, the weight ofeach factor was calculated by paired comparison method, then using the scoring methodto quantified the qualitative evaluation, thus calculate the greening effect score, finallythe score was divided into four level and explained for each.Based on the greening principle and method study above, then undertook severalcases studies on the greening of National Archaeological Site Park; In which, theDaming Palace National Archaeological Site Park conducted a comprehensive study ongreening, including greening history and current situation, the greening principles andrecommendations, as well as the greening effect evaluation; While the case study onYang Mausoleum National Archaeological Site Park, Mausoleum of the First QinEmperor National Archaeological Site Park and E-pang Palace Archaeological Site Parkfocused on the current status analysis and reform suggestions. Finally, make aconclusion of the research and point out the inadequate aspects and prospects of thefuture research.