The Study On Self-identity Of Yunnan Unique Minority Nationality Adolescents

At present, minority nationality adolescents in China show many problems in mental health and behavioral adaptations. Physical and Mental development of them is an individual psychology problem, as well as a social problem. The formation and development of self-identity is an important task for adolescents. It not only indicates the perfect individual personality, but also embodies the individual with good psychological function. Yunnan is China’s most populous province of ethnic minorities, and these minorities are numerous and diverse. Within the multi-cultural society, the formation and development of minority nationality adolescents’ self-identity is universal and unique. Exploration of minority adolescents’self-identity helps to maintain physical and mental health status of adolescents, improve social adaptability and competitiveness of these teenagers, resulting in realizing the excellent national culture inheritance on minority teenagers and carrying forward the tradition.This study focuses on Yunnan unique minority nationality adolescents’ identity, using research methods of combining theoretical research and empirical research, through literature research, interview, questionnaire, to investigate more than 2000 adolescents from 19 schools in the minority area of Yunnan, with a series of variables including identity attributes of the content, features, development level, identity crisis and antecedents and consequences variables of the crisis. Research includes:First, based on literature research, discuss and then replenish the limitation of existing theories. Through theoretical analysis and construction, define concepts of unique minority nationality adolescents’self-identity in Yunnan, including contents, development level and identity crisis.Second, based on interview, construct "Yunnan unique minority nationality adolescents’identity scale" to examine attributes of self-identity, using Identity Important as measurement indicators. Processes of construction consist of expert review, initial test and formal survey of the scale, through semantic research, item analysis, exploratory analysis of factor analysis and confirmatory factor, confirm the best model structure of scale. Through analysis of the data, discusses the general characteristics and the status of minority adolescent identity.Third, construct "Yunnan’s unique minority nationality adolescents’self-identity development scale" to study the development status of self-identity, initiates Identity Achievement and Identity Completeness as measurement indicators. After the same vigorous test processes for the scale, confirms the best model of the scale. Through data analysis, discusses the development characteristics and status of minority nationality adolescents’self-identity.Fourth, initiates the measurement method of minority nationality adolescents’ self-identity crisis:takes the scores between "identity importance" and "identity", "identity integrity" as "identity discrepancy" and names them as "subjectivity discrepancy (IA discrepancy)" and "social discrepancy (IC discrepancy)". Through the data measurement, examine whether the minority adolescents are experienced identity crisis and the strength, size of identity crisis.Fifth, explore antecedent and consequence variables of self-identity crisis, using Life Events as antecedent variables and Physical and Mental Health as consequence variables and Identity Discrepancy as mediators. Then discuss the general characteristics in the three variables of adolescence, establish structural equation model, through the relevant examination, hierarchical regression analysis and path analysis, and verify the logic relation between three variables.The following are the main conclusion of the research.First, the "Yunnan’s unique minority nationality adolescents’ self-identity scale" consist of 4 dimensions and 13 subjects including dimensions of Personal Identity, Social Identity, Minority Identity and Image Identity, among which Minority Identity is a new content attribute. The scale has clear structure, good reliability and validity, and it can be used as scientific research method.Second, the importance scores of unique minority nationality adolescents in Yunnan are all higher than 3 points in all the four dimensions. The scores vary from 3.16 points to 4.03 points, which are identified between "Some Important" and "Very Important". Sequencing from high to low, they are Self-identity, Social Identity, Minority Identity and Image Identity respectively. The statistical demographic differences are shown in all these dimensions.Third, it is shown that Yunnan’s unique minority nationality adolescents’the development level of Identity Achievement is higher than the level of Identity Completeness, which indicates that self development of adolescents is better than combination of self and environment. On Identity Achievement dimension, significant differences are shown in location and time of minority languages learning, while on Identity Completeness dimension, significant differences are shown in some demographic variables, such as sexuality, education level,school property, type of study, location, time of Chinese learning and minority languages learning.Forth, the score of IA Discrepancy on Yunnan’s unique minority nationality adolescents is lower than their score of IC Discrepancy, which means IA crisis is smaller than IC crisis, and it has shown significant differences in sexuality, education level and nationality. On the other hand, based on measurement of life events, it is shown that valuables of "study stress" and "relationships" have the highest stress intensity. This conclusion is consistent with most other studies. According to measurement of physical and mental health, the score of Yunnan’s unique minority nationality adolescents is slightly lower, compared to scale norm. This indicates that their physical and mental health condition at the level of medium or slightly downwards.Fifth, by inspection, it is confirmed that Life Events and Physical and Mental health is antecedents and consequences variable of Self-identity Discrepancy’s formation. Among these three, Life Events has positive correlation with Identity Discrepancy, while both Life Events and Discrepancy have negative correlation with Physical and Mental Health separately. And there are two paths relationship between these three:first, life events directly affect the individual’s physical and mental health; second, life events will affect IA discrepancy first, and then the impact IC discrepancy, but ultimately have the indirect effects on Physical and Mental Health.