The Comparation Of The Demonstratives Of Korean And Mandarin From The Typological Perspective

This study concerns the demonstratives in Korean and Chinese. The notion of demonstratives, which is based on the semantic feature of distance and the pragmatic function of deixis, is a comparative concept, but not a descriptive category.This study uses the method of Funciton-typological approach to research demonstravies even if the aims of this study are not diversity and universals of the world’s languages. The aim of this study is to explore the language-particular properties of demonstratives in Korean and Chinese from the perspective of typology. Being different from the literature about the comparation of Korean and Chinese, this study has some values in methodology. First, this study used a research framework which is more theory independent. Secondly, this study strengthened the comparability of Korean and Chinese. Thirdly, this study paid attention to the language-specific characteristic from the perspctive of cross-linguistic, but not the same things and different things of Korean and Chinese. Finally, this study concerned the linguistic meaning of the comparation, rather than the meaning of foreign language teaching.The vast majority of studies about demonstratives concentrated on their meanings and discourse functions. The scope of this study is broader. It investigated parts-of-speech, word-formation, syntactic constrains, word order, and grammaticalizaion of the demonstratives of Korean and Chinese. The most important findings of this study are as follows:Chapter 1 examined parts-of-speech of the demonstratives"(?)这,那". It has been debated for a long time that wether the demonstratives of Korean and Chinese are pronominal or adnominal. This chapter pointed out the problems of syntactic categories based on distributional analysis. This chapter advocated parts-of-speech based on human cognition, rather than syntactic categories based on syntactic distribution. According to the integretion of language-particulars and universals, and the integretion of conceptual spaces and semantic maps, this chapter made the concepual space of demonstratives and the semantic maps of the demontratives"(?),这.那".Chapter 2 focused on the attributive compoud demonstratives and the coordinate compound demonstratives which have been listed on the dictionary. For the attributive compoud demonstratives, I examined the competition between "blocking" and "regularity" in Korean and Chinese, the stuctrual transparency of compound demonstratives, and the typology of the heads of compound demonstratives. For the coordinate compound demonstratives, I examined the grammatical levels on which the demonstrative stems can opposite to each other, and noted the manners of oppostion, and sound symbolism of the word order in coordinate compound demonstratives.Chapter 3 investigated the syntactic constrains in the noun phrase. It contains the co-occurrences of demonstratives and head nouns, demonstratives and classifiers, demonstratives and possessives, demonstratives and relative clauses. This chapter noted the language-particulars of Korean and Chinese demonstraives, and found out the semantic and functional reasons of those particulars:kind-denoting of nouns and the competition of economy and iconicity.Chapter 4 examined the word order of demonstratives in the noun phrase. It contains the word order of demonstrativs and numerals, demonstrativs and adjectives, demonstrativs and modified nouns, demonstrativs and possessives, demonstratives and relative clauses. This chapter aslo found out the word order tendency of Korean and Chinese demonstratives and the different impacts of word order princiles in Korean and Chinese.Chapter 5 dealt with the grammaticalization of demonstratives. It contains articlization and pronominalization. For articlization, this chapter examined the different characteristics of Korean and Chinese domonstratives in different grammatical stages. This chapter also found out the pragmaticalization of Korean and Chinese domonstratives, and noted some factors which can prevent the domonstratives of Korean and Chinese from syntacticalization. For pronominalization, this chapter pointed out the typological characteristic of the Korean third person pronoun and the Chinese third person pronoun:Korean is a two-person language, and Chinese is a three-person pronoun. This chapter also evaluated the grammaticalization degree of the third person pronouns of Korean and Chinese, and explored the result of the grammaticalizaiton of the third person pronouns of Korean and Chinese.