Study On The Travel Notes To Soviet Union In The Republic Of China

Travel generally consists of three levels: nature walks, tours of the society and Spiritualjourney. There are three major areas in ecology research: natural ecology, social ecology andspiritual ecology. So Eco-horizon should be a rational way to discuss the contents in travel notes.At the same time, literature is a growing organic ecosystem in the metaphorical sense, and travelnotes about Soviet Union are a subsystem in it, which has its own literary ecological features.Then the dissertation, choosing the travels to the Soviet Union in the Republic of China as objectof study, based on texts close reading, should research the complex connotations about Soviet’snatural ecology, social ecology and the author’s spiritual ecology in the travel notes, and analyzetheirs literature ecological characteristics both in texts and literary production process. In theprocess of this discussion, it will find that the travels to the Soviet Union in the Republic ofChina are the main sides of its literary history and the history of ideas, and affect many aspects inthe field of literature and intellectual history.Preface first defines the overseas travel as a kind of authentic text about the travelers’sseeing, hearing and impression based on the cross-border tour, and select the travels to the SovietUnion in the Republic of China as the study object, showing its simple historical trajectoryevolution composed by such three stages as flourishing period, prosperous period and thetransition period. Second, the travel notes about Soviet Union may be deemed to the mainaspects of modern Chinese thought history, literature history and even the history of intellectualsoul, the overall research on it is significant. However, the current research status is notsatisfying, there are very few papers making overall research and some thesis about individualstudies chiefly focus on few famous works, moreover, research methods are limited. As a result,there is still much research space in this area. Third, Eco-horizon is applied to research thetravels to the Soviet Union in the Republic of China, which result from the text characteristics ofthe travel notes and the inclusiveness and richness of Eco-horizon, not only have theoreticalvalue, but also practical significance.Chapter one discusses the Soviet’s social ecology of different periods represented in the travels to the Soviet Union in the Republic of China. In the1920s, descriptions about Sovietsociety disagree with each other, there are mainly four attitudes towards Soviet reality: QuQiubai and Yu Songhua’s optimistic narration, Baopu and Xu Zhimo’s denial and doubt, JiangKanghu and Li Youlan’s calmly look, and Husi’s experimentalism perspective. In the1930s,Five-year plan achievements become basically parts in the travel notes about Soviet despite thatthe traveler’s political stance are not the same, which make their depiction about Soviet societyshow general approve-ment, and there are three kinds of image about1930s’ Soviet: theadvantages outweigh the disadvantages, just a little shortcomings, and ideal country. In the1940s,traveler to Soviet either praise the Soviet Union withstand the test in the great patriotic war, orbuilt a good and beautiful Soviet Union in the memories, or fully eulogize Soviet Union after theWorld War II, which finish the utopia image construction of Soviet Union. Through thedescription to the Soviet Union during the Republic of China, readers can see phased thinkingand exploration of the future and destiny of the country and nation by generation of intellectuals.Chapter two researches the author’s mental ecology in the travels to the Soviet Union in theRepublic of China. Overall, the writers of the travels are concerned with the country’s future anddestiny, which take up the explorer’s great responsibility automatically and struggle positivelyunder the weight by traveling and writing, which all reflect the positive and enterprising spiritand mental of self-improvement the modern Chinese intellectuals have. At the same time, travelsto Soviet also reflects one side of the intellectual’s mind history: self-expression, self-analysisand rational criticism, what represented in1920s’s travel notes about Soviet Union, reduce andweaken significantly in1930s, and almost completely eliminate in1940s. Which shows thatmost intellectuals in the process towards the proletarian revolution gradually abandoned theself-enlightenment and independent self-consciousness, and they ultimately got to "beenlightened" fate also went through a gradual process of history. In addition, the paper chooseQu Qiubai, Xu Zhimo and Zou Taofen to do case studies, and obtained the following conclusions:Qiubai’s duality of existence are always contradictory, his mental exploration and suffering havedemonstrated humanistic intellectuals’ tough mentality towards the proletarian revolution, andalso predicts the inevitability and complexity that revolution would transform the intellectuals;Zhimo is a full libertarians and humanist adhering to individualism, his calm perspective onSoviet society shows his independent critical consciousness, which is owned by Xu as a real modern intellectual; Taofen is "concept first" when he use Marxism to explain the social realityin Soviet, he fully integrated "self" into "group", and volunteered without consciously to begin a"self-transformation" before the "revolution" make intellectuals a forced transformation. Thewriting practice of the travels to Soviet shows that consciously or unconsciously"self-transformation" is a necessary prerequisite for modern intellectuals joining in theproletarian revolution.Chapter III studies on the natural ecology in the travel notes to Soviet Union of Republic ofChina. On the whole, nature is ignored and disregarded in the travels to Soviet with littleproportion. However, natural description in the writing about the trip to the Soviet Union isclosely related to its description about the Soviet Union and its author’s self-portrayal, there is apotential evolution path to follow: Qu Qiubai and Xu Zhimo adhere to individual spiritualliberation of May Fourth Movement, their personality is embodied vividly in their perspective ofnature, and they shape or speak of themselves when describe the nature, yet the Soviet’s image isobscure then; in1930s,the pressure from politics to the individuality makes "self" disappear orweaken and the natural charm and its own characteristics get being shown instead, whether inCai Yunchen’s objective portrayal or in Huming’s utopia depiction,"self" is not the focus ofwriting compared to the nature, and the image of the Soviet Union accordingly likes the risingsun, and even become bright and shining; in1940s, the authors of the travel notes consciouslywrite as spokesmen, making the nature and society closely related and "self" is almostcompletely blanking on the description of scenery, the Soviet Union eventually evolved into asublime image of unity composed by the truth, goodness and beautifulness. There are four mainreasons that affect the nature depiction in the writing of the trip to Soviet Union: one is thecultural transformation brought about changes in view of nature, and the second is the changes inwriting object as a result of stylistic consciousness, the third is concerned about the author’sutilitarian purpose of travel, tour mentality and literary quality such subjective factors, and thefourth lies in the uniqueness of the tourism object of Soviet Union.The fourth chapter studies the literary ecological characteristics of the writing about the tripto Soviet in the Republic of China. First, the paper uses the theory and research paradigm ofecological literary theory and literary ecology to regard the creation, publication anddissemination of the travel notes to Soviet as a subsystem of literary ecosystem, focuses on the travel notes to Soviet to find the co-evolution relationships lies in the work and its world, writerand readers. And the conclusion is: the rise of the travel notes to Soviet in Republic of China isan internal echoes to its world, which occur in the era and is an organic part of the era’s ideologyand culture(including literary)also; the boom and prosperity of the travel notes to Soviet inRepublic of China are closely related to the modern transformation of intellectuals, on thecontrary, the travel notes also records the mental process of intellectuals’ modern transition andparticipates in the spirit shaping for modern intellectuals; existence of readers is a necessarycondition to the boom and prosperity of the travel notes to Soviet in Republic of China, thelatter’s timely and comprehensive introduction to Soviet society makes it gain a huge readership.Meanwhile, readers’ expectations affect travel writing content, style form and the basic theme,and the travel notes also should influence and shape the reader’s expectations and ideas ofbehavior. Secondly, the paper discusses the literary ecological characteristics of the travel notesto Soviet in Republic of China, pointing out its ecological characteristics are mainly showed instylistic richness, integrity and organic content, as well as its heritage and development toclassical travels.An additional discussion about the authenticity of the contents in travel notes to Soviet inRepublic of China is made in the last part of the paper, which is researched in the internationalvision of the writing on the tour to Soviet. So the truthful problem is a general question that thetravel notes’ writers face, and by contrast with the historical facts it can be found that the socialreality in travel notes to Soviet in Republic of China is only partial or subjective reality. Thedominant factor in this phenomenon include the following aspects: the establishment of Sovietsocialist society is unprecedented; communist theory has a great charm by itself; Chinesedisadvantage in the international social ecology makes travelers easily generated the "friendly"and "fanatical" attitude to the Soviet Union; the serious crisis of national salvation makes thetravelers put more emphasis on the country than on individual, and not easy to find Soviet’sissues; Soviet unique publicity strategy forms a shelter for travelers.In short, the paper study the travel notes to Soviet in Republic of China by Eco-vision, itdiscusses the rich ideological connotations in the first three chapters in accordance with thedifferent contents by the vertical and horizontal study, exploring the value of the travel notes asan important side in history of modern thought, literary history and the history of intellectual soul. The final chapter conducts a preliminary research on ecological characteristics of literarytexts according to ecological criticism and literary ecology concepts and methods. It uses newmethods to discuss the travel notes to Soviet in Republic of China and point out some newinsights on the overall study. No matter how superficial the viewpoints in the paper might be, itis a new try to further the study on the travel notes to Soviet in Republic of China.