Research On The Adorno’s Negative Dialectics

Adorno’s Negative Dialectics，which was proposed in the context of contemporaryphilosophy development, combined with realistic conditions changes of zeitgeist, andbased on the nature of historical traditional dialectics which was mainly impacted of theHegelian’s identity dialectics, and constrained by the rigid solidified metaphysicalidentity way of thinking. This paper combed German classical philosophy, modernphilosophy and dialectics of the Frankfurt School from the theoretical origins of negativedialectics, and then emphatically analyzes the theory direction, core value and thehistorical turning of Adorno’s Negative Dialectics. And on this basis, explores theAdorno’s Negative Dialectic’s thought seriously, and analyses the essence and value ofAdorno’s Negative Dialectics on the new historical conditions.Adorno believes that Hegel overcome the old metaphysical intellectual thinking,gives prominence to the basic principles of thinking and existence, and on this premise,try to adhere to the position of dialectics. But this practices which introducecontradictions and differences do not escape the restrictions of "identity” thinking, andusing the concept dialectical movement to solve the identity problem of thinking andexistence thoroughly, and reach the rational absolute freedom in the absolute spirit. Butthe absolute freedom which Hegel pursued remain a whole, abstract, illusory freedom,which cause the general depress special, and the generally depress individuals.Accordingly, the freedom which was pursued by identity dialectics is illusive quasifreedom, and its root is the traditional concept of identity. Adorno is to reinterpret theconcept to against the traditional identity dialectics. He first opposed thinking mode ofprimary which after establish the absolute first in what manner, and eliminate the thingsthat primary faces, and the final purpose is to achieve the identity dialectics, is thefoundation of identity dialectics. Furthermore, Adorno insisted the non-identity idea;insist on the object’s superiority to the subject to oppose the subject and object primarythinking, thus avoiding the primary or subject to revert to concepts form. And this objecthas always existed as an element, so the establishment for the object priorities principlesmeans the failure of harmonious between subject and object in identity dialectics. Finally,Adorno considered the subject and object can be unified, and the unity can be achieved by “constellations” which gather the parts that the concepts give up together, placedthese parts at the external of concepts, and presents them in a opposite, no-integration,apposite form. In order to attempt to let the freedom return to the emotional level,Adorno use "constellation" to explain the dialectics mode of concepts. The logical systemand scientific system which humans created though the traditional dialectics are all theidentity dialectics that exclude something about heterogeneity experience, and Adorno’spurpose of structuring the logic, science knowledage and their systems which establishedthough the identity dialectics, is to solve freedom and individual liberation of the realityhumans.The construction of Marx’s practical dialectics is also completed based on theHegel’s dialectics, But Marx resulted the Hegel’s dialectics in the historical process andre-established on the basis of practice, and use it to criticize for human history and themode of capitalist production. Marx’s reality practical dialectics not only completedrevolutionary transformation of philosophy functions from "interpreting the world" to"change the world”, but also completed the turning from the criticism, negativity andrevolutionary of dialectics to the criticism of the reality society, especially the capitalistsystem. Based on the non-identity theory, Adorno’s Negative Dialectics believe thecultural and ideologies has became the main repression mode for people freedom, and theliberation of the individual should seek a way out from criticism of capitalist cultural,deepen the criticism of dialectics with the deconstructive critical way, and turn Marx’sreality criticism of social system to the reality criticism of the cultural. Thus, in terms ofthe modern expanded path of dialectics’ critical logic, Adorno’s Negative Dialectics mustpass though the Marx’s practical dialectics which is a inevitable transitional theoreticalaspect. Certainly, re-examine Adorno’s Negative Dialectics Based on the VisualThreshold of Marx’s philosophy, it still has some theoretical limitations, For example, thenegation he advocated is a completely negation which does not contain any affirmation,cause the Adorno’s has a tendency for extremism; Adorno’s Negative Dialectics wasestablished on the basis of “deconstruction”, and the nothingness is its inevitabletheoretical fate.