Studies On Sartre’s Humanist Dialectics Thought

The most important assignment of Sartre’s "Critique of dialectical reason " was "to found humanist dialectics which combine structuralism with historical materialism". Only by means of regressing analysis to investigate all the structrure of people’s existence one by one, can we provide intelligibility for understanding that structrure, but not putting ’people’ into objective condition without any investigation. That is Structuralism. With regard to historical materialism, it means, humanist dialectics never argued against natural objective-generality using pure individual subjectivity, on the contrary, it investigate people by putting them into Marxian historical materialism, based on admitting the social historical conditions’ restriction on human activity. It is based on this dual theory dimension, Sartre constituted his humanist dialectics. He following the theory from simple to complex, abstract to concrete, construction to be constructed, discussed the dialectical relationship between people and object, people and people, the concrete structure of people’s existence, and dialectics intelligibility from various levels. In his own way, Sartre completed the supplement to Marx doctrine, then realized his purpose of constructing humanist dialectics.This paper include six chapters as below:The first chapter through analysis to time background, society condition and culture, show that Sartre humanist dialectics method of analysis was a peculiar theory under special time backfroud and freaky societal condition, and lots of complicated train of cultural thoughts.The second chapter basing on analysis to the relationship between existentialism and Marxism, prove Sartre reason and route to make up Marxism as psychoanalysis, micro-sociology and "progress-regress" method, then construct academic basis and methodological foundation of humanist dialectics of analysis.In third chapter, dialectics of analysis forming and developing history are listed systematically, the academic substance of Sartre criticizing nature dialetctics of analysis are explained clearly. As inter contradiction in historical materialism starting point, via criticizing "criticism-experience", Sartre restricted dialectic rationalism into societal-historical area, and considered only individual practice had been base of dialectics reason.Chapter3and chapter4are not only hard cores of this dissertation, but also main contents of Sartre humanist dialectics. Through explanation to dialectic relationship between people and people, people and object, Sartre analyzed inter composition and intelligibility of every connections and factors among totalization movements deeply. He following the theory from abstract to concrete, simple to complex, construction to be constructed, discussed the process about how people were dissimilated, how they exceeding it and being dissimilated again in this the area of scarcity, through individual practice as a logistic basis. Individual practice of analysis was based on constitutive dialectics, so it was regarded as constitutive dialectics. However, during individual practice, people found their production may control themselves conversely, they had to gather themselves to form aggregation. That was in anti-dialectics area. People’s common practice followed then. It was different from above aggregation, group was produced because of people’s common practice, which emerged through individual practice of every one in this group. That is to say, practical dialectics was based on constitutive dialectical method. Explaining those contents above are main tasks of these two chapters.Chapter6mainly analyze contents and relationship of humanist dialectics and Materialist Dialectics, inspect success and failure of humanist dialectics, and talk about Materialist Dialectics, of materialism persisting and developing in the present China, on Materialist Dialectics side of the hedge.