Exploration And Choice:the Research Of Modern Xiang Learning In The Horizon Of Conflict Between Chinese And Western Culture

The forward process of human civilization is always accompanied by cultural conflict and integration. The history of human civilization, especially modern Chinese history tells us that any culture system, the more eclectic culture trait, the more has the ability of cultural integration, its vitality and cultural innovation ability is the more powerful. In which, contact with different culture and conflict is the first essential part, it is the basis of cultural integration, and culture integration innovation is the inevitable result of the cultural conflict.Modern Xiang learning, as one of the most influential cultural genre in China’s modern history, is grow up and developed with the historical backdrop in Chinese and western cultural conflict. Modern Xiang learning,on the one hand, inherited and developed the traditional Xiang learning ethos connoted quality trait and pioneer spirit of thoughts, on the other hand can also accept the baptism of western culture with a highly historical sense of responsibility and sense of mission time under the impact of western civilization in the history of modernization, to explore and choices.the path of salvaging the country. Accompanied with the historical process of Chinese modernization, the Modern Xiang learning roughly experienced the Neo-Confucianism emphasized in Modern Xiang learning, Westernization, Reform Movement, the old Democratic Revolution, New culture, New democracy and so on several stages of development. In these stages is always accompanied by impact to Chinese traditional culture and western culture and the exploration and choice of Chinese and western culture by Xiang learning characters.After the Opium war, with the invasion of western powers, modern China is facing the test of life and death in political, economic, military, and culture, Chinese traditional culture including the Xiang learning are all face the situation of being cut off and even the crisis uprooted impacted by the western learning. In the face of this crisis of" Great changes has never been existed for thousands of years ", generations of modern Hunan ambitious people from Wei yuan, Zeng guo-fan to young MAO ze-dong and CAI he-sen,are courageously rise up, on the one hand, stick to the Xiang learning traditional, face up to reality, and hard work, on the other hand, actively absorb the western advanced civilized achievement, and translate it into our advantage with an open mind and a creative thinking,. Before and after the Opium war, they highly lift up the flag of Jin-wen learning and neo-Confucianism, criticizing the Song learning’s no real and the Sinology’s cumbersome useless; Resist the full impact of western political, military, economy, culture and so on various aspects, start knowing the world, put forward a strategy of learning the long skill form the barbarians in order to boycott the barbarians ", all which smooth promoted the realization of the modern transition of Xiang learning. In the period of Westernization Movement, on the one hand,they deadly fought with the Tai-ping heavenly Kingdom in military, politics and culture struggle, defend to traditional culture; on the other hand, they embarked on the westernization and put forward the ideology’s ideas and vision westernization, then stubborn conservative ideas of the controversy, radically break through the mainstream cultural viewpoint such as" The cultural border between Chinese and foreign " and " chinese-style westernization", which open the Reform of the late Qing dynasty..In the period of Reform Movement of Qing dynasty, the Reform of Hunan who are represented by Tan Si-tong, Tang Cai-chang acting on political reform, with a big controversy, sounded the horn of attacking to the feudal autocratic system, put forward the demand of bourgeois democracy. At the same time, individual conservative on the Hunan gentry also To start activities to defend the traditional culture, destroyed and killed the Reform on political and ideological After the failure of the Refonn Movement, Tang Cai-chang led the ZiLiJun uprising, though it is failed, but it is China’s historical turning point of shifting from Reform to Revolution. In the bourgeois Democratic Revolution period, some of Xiang learning characters helped The Qing dynasty to act the New Deal, some Committed to the "revolution," some Committed to a constitutional monarchy. They promoted the historical process of bourgeois-democratic Revolution, accelerate the destruction of the daughter of the corrupt Qing government in the historical trend of actively exploring to save the nation from subjugation, and in the Ideological controversy of constitutional monarchy criticism and expose the Qing court’s Preparatory Constitutional in mask. After the success of the Xin-hai Revolution, the fruits of the victory of revolution was quickly stole by the traitor Yuan Shi-kai, his ambition of feudal autocracy is growing, he started to use his plot statecraft slid towards HongXian monarchy step by step, the freshman republican system facing death trial. In this case, on the one hand, Xiang learning characters like Yang Du, push for HongXian monarchy with the real spirit of constitutional monarchy he always adheres to. He believes that through a constitutional monarchy it will be achieve stability, development and prosperity of China.On the other hand, Xiang learning characters such as Song Jiao-ren, CAI, Huang Xing carried out the unrelenting struggle in the process of Yuan Shi-kai to the feudal monarchy because they all are always suspicious of Yuan, and resolutely launched the war in the nation in the climax of Hong Xian imperial Moment, which crushed Yuan’s fantasy of monarchy. After the failure of Hong Xian monarchy, the Chinese entered in a long period of warlords, republican system become a cosmetic empty sign and the little girl wantonly dress up by the warlords. In this case, a new Culture movement of transcending political system reform and to the national culture and psychological revolution rise up. Under the impetus of the Times, Hunan soonly become the center of Chinese New Culture movement. With the help of the people in Hunan, various of society and progressive newspapers,which against the feudal autocratic system and the feudal culture,have emerged, at the same time, they set off a debate about social transformation, for a while, the New Culture movement presents a colorful situation in Hunan.At the same time, Xiang learning characters such as Yi Bai-sha, Li Shi-cen Zhang Shi-zhao, and Yang Chang-ji,to navigate, judgment, choice between ancient and modern in Chinese and western with a characteristic culture exploration. With the outbreak of the Russian October Revolution, the Marxism, which is based on dual critique feudalism and capitalism, was introduced into China and Hunan, profoundly influence to the young Xiang learning characters such as MAO ze-dong, CAI he-sen and LI Da, they,hard to explore, eclecticism, and eventually find the Marxist faith under the influence of The Times. And firm their belief of Marxism in the debate with various Non-Marxist. Xiang learning, which is condensed on them realized a transformation from the Old democracy to the New democracy. And continue to play a role in the New-democratic Revolution, has made the prominent historic contribution to the inoculation, the formation and development of MAO ze-dong thought.In conclusion, the Modern Xiang learning has written a national destiny symphony of arduous exploration, pursuit, resolute choice in the process of resistance the foreign powers invasion, saving the nation in peril, pursuit the national independence in China’s modern history. Under the baptism of the conflict between Chinese and western culture, the Modern Xiang learning not only has realized the transformation, the sublimation, boarded the stage of history as the mainstream of modern political, military and cultural forms, promoted the historical process of modernization in our country, laid a solid history foundation to achieve national independence and national liberation.