A Research On The Officer And Learning Career Of Fan And His Son Of Hubei Huangpi County In Late Qing And Early Republic

As traditional gentry, Fan and his son experienced drastic changes of the nation in the late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic. Their case reflects the active adjustment and objective changes of the modern Chinese intellectuals group in social change, as well as the interaction between individual and the country to some extent.From the family history, the Fan family belonged to gentry. Fan Shi tried to survive and achieve ideological and psychological adjustment faced the social crisis and the pressure in the late Qing Dynasty.Fan and his son’s major political events show their cultural orientation in politics in different periods. In 1897, Fan Shi and Fan Xiren took part in the collective political activities against foreign aggression initiated by the new juren(举人), which not only demonstrates the Scholar’s political sense of participation had enhanced, and the political environment was more relaxed.Both the Progressives, the new juren(举人), and the conservative took intense action on the issue of the Confucius statue in Shandong indicates that invasion by foreign powers had stimulated the shcolars’ collective defense of cultural mood. After the New Deal reforms, the path of political participation of traditional scholars changed,.Fan Shi founded Law School in Jiangxi province, was in charge of the Conference Board of Councilors election in Fuzhou.Fan Xiren’s political experience clearly reflects the politics path of traditional gentleman had been changed greatly. In the Republic of China, Fan Xiren participated in politics mainly as a member of Congress.His political activities in the first session of Congress and attitude towards the parliamentary system and the democratic republic may reflect the transition of prevailing political culture from one side.Congress and the congressman had briefly been high hopes, soon to be used by political power, and ultimately be abandoned,while the party government gradually replaced democratic republic. After the parliamentary system, Fan Xiren was involved in organizing the special Congress in Beijing, and returned to Wuhan to participate in the negotiation of Hankou "massacre" as celebrity status. These are a small number of former members of Congress who tried to exert political heat Congress and continue their political life.Fan and his son’s academic research and ideological transformation show the affect of state changes on individual academic thoughts.With the deepening crisis in the national frontier, scholars paid more attention to frontier historical research in the late Qing. Fan Shi’s historical research focused on borderland history. Fan Xiren’s early articles focused on historiography historiography research, and part of the articles reflects the Statecraft Thought.In Japan,he paid attention to develop the statecraft features of traditional academic, which reflects by his concept of saving the nation by translation,reconciling the relationship between Confucian thought from chunqiu(《春秋》) and the Democratic Republic.Statecraft Thought is a common feature of the father and son’s academic research.Fan Shi’s articles in different periods show his concept transformation was based on traditional Chinese culture.In political thought, Fan Xiren had been quickly "modernization" since the Late Qing.Enlightenment ideas, the concept of constitutionalism, parliamentary system, democratic republic, socialism, etc. were the product of learning from the West. However,from the point of view of cultural identity and belonging, they still maintained the traditional gentleman’s salvation of nation and the consciousness of Chinese Culture.In addition, Fan Xiren was strongly influenced by family Buddhist culture,and he was a lay Buddhist.He actively participated in and supported the Buddhist revival movement.He kept a positive attitude to Buddhism.This attitude in modern intellectuals with Buddhism feelings is typical.Their political experience was twists and hard. Their personal future and destiny of the country was closely linked.They transformed from gentry to the country’s modern political class talents and knowledge, and had experienced the anguish of thinking, and adhere to the times.The continuing crisis in the late Qing Dynasty, cultural superiority and political responsibility in politics of gentleman scholar prompted the rise of political participation of the gentry. During republican political revolution, political participation of gentlemen-intelligentsia expanded, and they became the backbone of the country’s political figures in the Construction, which played an important role.Their political, ideological course was representative in the Qing and the early Republic, and was a microcosm of social transformation of the nation.