| This paper took the markedness theory as the most important basis to deal with the Correspondence between the Adverbial constituents and Complements(CAC) in modern Chinese and attempted to verify and develop the markedness theory which believes that there are series of syntactic differences between marked forms and non-marked forms in languages. It had also specifically analyzed a considerable number of language problems. This paper could be divided into six chapters.The first chapter introduced the basic opinions of markedness theory and its application in the study of Chinese, and pointed out the syntactic differences between marked forms and non-marked forms in the scope of their syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations, which could be highly abstracted as the marked forms have complex syntagmatic structures but a simple paradigmatic relation while the non-marked forms have simple syntagmatic structures but a complex paradigmatic relation. Then this chapter introduced the beginning and development of these two terms of the Adverbial constituents and the Complements in Chinese language study, and defined the connotation and extension of the Adverbial constituents and the Complements. At last, this chapter summarized the current researching results on the classification of the Adverbial constituents and the Complements, as well as the general researching situation of CAC in Chinese. In this chapter, this paper also briefly discussed other theoretical issues related to the word ordering problem of CAC, including the principle of temporal sequence (PTS), word ordering problems and the cognitive linguistics, as well as CAC and dialects and so on. This paper considered that only the PTS or the highly summarized cognitive psychological linguistics theory could not resolve the problems such as the classifications of Adverbial constituents and Complements in modern Chinese. They could not explain the phenomenon of CAC too. We should take the language itself as a relatively self-contained system. The approach synthesized Mandarin and the ancient Chinese and the dialects, what was described as "the big triangle", should be one of the most scientific methods in the research of Chinese.The second chapter described the historical development of "del", the mark of the Adverbial constituents, with an overview of the development of the history of Chinese. We strongly emphasized that "del" is the mark of the Adverbial constituents in modem Chinese and tried to give out the disciplines of the appearance of "del" and its grammatical functions. This paper argued that the most fundamental grammatical function of "del" is to mark some language units, which are the modifiers of their Predicates or just have a time sequence relation with their Predicates, to be the Adverbial constituents. This grammatical function could show itself up as to label the relation between Adverbial constituents and their Heads, to forcedly transfer the structure of "verb+Complement" into "Adverbial constituent+Head", to dissimilate and to diversify the semantic relationship between the Adverbial constituents and their Heads. Generally speaking, the Adverbial Constituents that have a modifying and modified relation with their Heads are. relatively easier to be Complements while other Adverbial Constituents that only have a time sequence relation with their Heads can hardly be Complements.The third chapter mainly analyzed the grammatical process of the Complement marker, "de2". On the basis of a detailed description of the history of the development of Chinese, we segregated some "de2" which could not be regarded as a structural auxiliary word, and complementized the basic syntax function of another "de2" as the mark of Complement. This paper argued that the grammaticalization of "de2" can be divided into two stages. In the first stage, "de2" was used before other verbs and accessed to the grammatical meaning of "can" via the using of verbs in succession. Gradually, this "de2" developed into a modal verb in modern Chinese. In the second stage, based on the completion of the first phase of its development and under the background of "verb+Complement" structures becoming more and more mature, "de2" was developing as a marker of Complement via the second using of verbs in succession and the re-analysis of the syntactic structure. The semantic meaning of "can" was an important bridge for the grammaticalization of "de2". At the same time, this paper also pointed out that there remains a considerable number of "de2" which could only be considered as verbs or verb morphemes in the current modern Chinese. Their existence is a perfect proof of the unfinished process and the unavoidable route of the grammaticalization of "de2".Based on the recognition of the grammaticalization process of "de2", this paper assorts Complements in modern Chinese into two sub-categories at first, marked Complements and non-marked Complements. The former can be further subdivided as Possible Complement, Conditional Complement and Result Complement. These three types of marked Complements have distinct syntactic differences, which respectively represent the different stages and results of the grammaticalization of "de2". Then, we summarized another basic conclusion of this paper:the marked Conditional Complements that have a modifying and modified relationship with their Predicates can take the syntax place of Adverbial constituents while marked Result Complements that only have a simply temporal relation with their Predicates cannot form CAC.In this chapter, some other problems related to Complements had also been briefly discussed, including the question of "bu" and "ge" as other markers of Complements, adverbs as Complements and the problem of "hen" and "Ji" and "jile" as Complements etc.The fourth chapter analyzed some other problems related to the grammatical markers "del" and "de2" and mainly pointed out some effects imposed by the economic pragmatic principles to the appearance of these two markers. Highly frequent using forms are easier to cause the drop of these grammatical markers. We also took the co-existence of "del" and "de2" in the same clause as an example to verify our essential knowledge about the classification of Conditional Complements and Result Complements and the scenario of CAC.In the fifth chapter, the paper focused on the analysis of adjectives as Adverbial constituents and Complements. Using the results of previous studies, we fabricated a table of the performance of adjectives as Adverbial constituents or Complements in modern Chines. We described the grammatical behavior of adjectives associated with specific verbs in details, especially the behavior of adjectives as Adverbial constituents or Complements of verbs and other adjectives. After this investigation, our conclusions had been convinced again.The sixth chapter is a conclusion, which introduced some basic work for writing this paper, highlights the basic opinions of this paper, and points out some innovations and deficiencies of this paper. |
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