Research On Publicness Guarantee In Purchase Of Service Contracting

An influencing revolution has been carried out in the public management field in western countries since 1970s, which committed itself to introducing management philosophy and methods of private sectors into public sectors. On such condition, the governments have implemented cooperative relations in a wide range with the market organizations and the social organizations. The reform measures and effects of public services in western countries have played a powerful role model under the circumstances of sharp increasing and obvious contradiction between supply and demand in our country’s public services. Since mid-1990s, starting from the Shanghai Pudong Social Development Bureau purchasing service from assembly hall of Luoshan, the Chinese government has entered the era of cooperating with social organizations in the field of public services. A favorable accomplishment has been made after more than 20 years of development. Although attracting great attention from academic circles, the issue, the publicness of public service, has not been into the spotlight, which indicates that research on public service is far beyond completeness. This happens to "fit with" the research in the field of "publicness".There is a long history about public thoughts with rich connotation, but most of which falls into philosophical speculation, and surely abstract. The specific publicness in the phenomenon of purchase of service contracting has not been focused on. Based on the previous researches, this thesis, with the three main bodies in purchase of service contracting, proposes a new research module for the publicness in such occasions. Upon the new module, this thesis expounds out the causes of publicness problems and presents the ways of publicness guarantee. The thesis consists of four parts:The first part:also Chapter One, the theories of publicness about purchase of service contracting. From the original concept of "public", the author summarizes public thoughts in western political philosophy, in western public administration and in East Asia, which tells what the publicness is as a whole. Next, the definition of publicness has been proposed by the author on the basis of analyzing the idea of publicness and the idea of purchase of service contracting. In this research, the publicness has three levels, including the publicness of public service, the public characters of the three bodies of purchase of service contracting, and the publicness of the process of purchase of service contracting.The second part:also Chapter Two, the problems and the reasons of publicness problems about purchase of service contracting. Both the history and the current situation of Chinese purchase of service contracting are illustrated. Purchase of service contracting goes to the right direction after experiencing three periods. According to the definition in the first part, the publicness problems of purchase of service contracting are expounded, which are shown as the following aspects:the formalization phenomenon of purchase of service contracting, the poor undertaking capacity of social organizations, the subjective and objective repulsion of the public, the poor trust among the three bodies. Then, the reasons have been elaborated from the lack of public characters of the three bodies and the lack of rationality in the process. From the perspective of the public characters of the three bodies, the deviation of government function orientation and lag of its role shifts the defects of internal governance system and capacity of social organizations and the deficiency of responsibility and participation consciousness of the public are responsible for these problems. From the respective of process,they are due to the expansion of government’s self-interest on the level of values, the absence of systems of information disclosure^ regulation and performance appraisal on the level of institutions and the lack of equal consultation among bodies because of powerful control from the government.The third part:the part consists of Chapter Three, Chapter Four and Chapter Five. The part is about how to maintain public characters of the three bodies. It is a relatively static elaboration compared with the fourth part.Chapter Three:the basic guarantee about purchase of service contracting. The natural link between the government and public services determines the foundation position of government’s publicness guarantee. As well as the role of supplier, the government should keep a foothold on roles of purchaser、regulator and institution supplier and fulfill its own responsibility by modifying ideas、perfecting legal systems and constructing institutions to keep the publicness of itself. On the ideas, government should convert from "control" to "serve", getting rid of its utilitarian attitude toward purchase of service contracting and ideas of controlling social organizations. As to the improvement of legal system, government should focus on perfecting laws and regulations system of social organization and purchase of service contracting, creating an appropriate environment for development of social organizations and purchase of service contracting. In the aspect of institution construction, government should perfect institutions of management system of social organizations and institutions of purchase of service contracting. Here, it mainly refers to the construction of institution system and the specific instititutions will be introduced in Chapter Six.Chapter Four:the crucial guarantee about the publicness of purchase of service contracting. The core status is determined by the characters of social organizations and its producing role. To re-establish the relation between government and social organization is the prerequisite of core guarantee. The social organizations should keep their public-benefit character by means of improving internal management, building the credibility and lifting capacity. On knowing about the character of internal management in social organization in a better way, the social organization can improve the internal management rules and regulations, including strenghtening the sense of aim by the construction of the articles, regulating the power by completing the internal governance structure, and regulating the internal management by specific management systems such as system of democratic decision-making. The credibility is crucial to the social organization, and the social organization can increase its credibility by getting along well with government rationally, making the information public, and making full use of the opportunity of cooperating with the government to provide public services. It is also very important for social organizations to improve its capacity, such as absorbing resources, financial management, project management, which can increase their capacity to serve the public.Chapter Five:the supporting guarantee about the publicness of purchase of service contracting.The public service is part of public life, and the public life is directly related to the public spirit, which indicates that the public spirit plays a supporting role in publicness guarantee. The public should have the consciousness of participating, responsibility, regulation, public interest, right and rationality which can keep the publicness in a better way during the interaction with other bodies. It is necessary to improve the public spirit by means of strengthening public awareness education and extending public participating to break up the dilemma of lack of public spirit.The fourth part:also Chapter Six. The part is an explanation of the dynamic relationship among the three bodies, and their benigh interaction can secure the publicness. The part establishes the publicness process of purchase of service contracting. The three bodies also interact while keeping their own public characters. The reciprocity lies among the three bodies, which asks for the three bodies to have common point on value on the basis of independence, and to cooperate equally under the government guidance. And the basic guarantee of their reciprocity is the civil society construction and scientific social organization managing system. The three bodies should interact with each other on the basis of publicness guarantee and the key point of intreaction is building multi patterns of purchase of service contracting with competitive way as its main one. Besides, the interaction among the three bodies should be normalized, which can be guaranteed by the legitimacy in procedure, the scientific process and open process.In summary, this thesis establishes the creative frame to analyze the publicness and works out the measures of publicness guarantee of purchase of service contracting. Publicness is the intrinsic attribute of public services and we need to guarantee it no matter how the supplying way changes. So, this research is of significance to advance the healthy development of purchase of service contracting and it can also be used as reference for other reforms in fields of public services.It is necessary to exclaim that the publicness guarantee of purchase of service contracting can be gained in various ways, and this thesis is from the perspective of the public characters of the three bodies and the interaction among them. Besides the three main bodies, other bodies, such as media, the third part, should also be focused on because such organizations can keep an eye on the publicness of public service through the way of extensive or professional supervision, especially the third part. The independent third part can supervise objectively because it is neutral and professional, and the author will pay close attention to these parts to establish a more reasonable and complete publicness guarantee system of public services.