| In recent years, our government is attaching increasing importance to SME financing and the development of agriculture, rural area and farmers, to which the focus lies in the fact that financial services do not develop in balance across the country. Many remote areas and poor people are not covered by financial services, and the SMEs have difficulty getting credit from the commercial banks, which caused the breaking of the funding strand. Adam Smith said the economic growth rate is proportional to the rate of capital accumulation. Not only is the financial support needed by the rapid development of SMEs but also the people living in poverty. With economic development, private capital is accumulating so that the number of private lending is relatively increasing, which led to plenty of loan-sharking and other relevant social problems. How to make good use of private funds to supplement China’s financial imbalance gap is a new topic. On May4,2008, the People’s Bank of China, China Banking Regulatory Commission, issued a "Guidance of Establishment of Small Loan Company ", and officially approved the establishment of small loan companies. With that, private capital is officially allowed into the lending field. Many entrepreneurs of the private businesses take this as a sign that a green light has been given by the state to approve the private capital flowing in the financial field. The entrepreneurs with extra capital have applied for the licenses of Small Loan Company, however neither do most of them have the experience and professional background in the relevant field nor the operating system and the access to credit system. What is worse, there hasn’t been a mature example for them to follow. This paper will present the situation of development over the existing small loan companies by fragmentating the developing modes of the institutions and comparing upon their business profit. Besides that, a suitable developing business model of the small loan companies will be offered. The role of the paper will be more than providing a timely guidance to the Small Loan Companies themselves, but more importantly, instructive to solve the issues of development upon agriculture, rural areas and farmers as well as the SME-related problems.First, this thesis explicitly elaborates on the definition of small-loan and small-loan companies introducing the development and the research achievement of both domestic and international small loan companies. Data collection and the questionnaire over the domestic small loan institutions are the key points of this thesis, which start with the small loan companies from different regions and at various development scales to collect precise data. The reliability of the data collected will be tested and then the institutions are primarily classified through the decisive elements from the macro scale. After that, they will be secondarily classified through the micro operation elements of the small loan institutions. By considering the macro classification as the X axis and micro classification as the Y axis of the chart, the small loan institutions are further segmented. The types of the segmented small-loan institutions are inspected on the basis of their features to testify the validity of the segmentation. Through the analysis of the development status and the model of the segmented domestic small loan institutions as well as the appraisal of the profits of the development model, this thesis also points out the deficiency and the drawback of the development model confronting China’s small-loan institutions. The comparison between the development models of both domestic and international small loan companies may help illuminate the market edge and investment value of our small-loan companies and from different perspective, make objective forecast and comments on the development model of small-loan institutions by taking into the current development status. In terms of assessment, both economic and social profit models have been set up with data inputted and locating the important factors that affect the model to rationalize the model. The economic profits and social profits of the various small-loan institutions are assessed with each model illustrated by an example. The last chapter of the thesis chooses a development model of small-loan companies that best fit the actual conditions in China and then verifies it. Through the feasibility analysis and comparative advantage analysis of this model, this thesis draws a conclusion of the research results and directs the sustainable development for the small-loan companies in China.The Kotler4P market strategy segmentation method, an economic term that is adopted in marketing, is also applied to the segmentation of the micro-loan institutions. Kish Grid method is used to sample and collect data, factor analysis to extract the most influential factor, which will be used to classify and amend the normal enterprises classification standard into micro-loan enterprises classification standard, K-means cluster analysis to classify the institutions and TGI (Target Group Index) and variance analysis (ANOVA) to verify the accuracy of classification.The conclusions of this thesis are: First, according to the segmentation of the microfinance institutions, the overall business model of small loan companies macro is divided into three levels, and micro-divided into:social-oriented, finance-oriented, market-oriented and customer-oriented. The examples of them are:group guarantee mode, the online micro-finance model, commercial business loan companies’model as well as personal loans model. Macro and micro classification are seemed as a two-dimensional classification of vertical and horizontal coordinates, the companies were segmented for the12types. However, due to macro-categories to distinguish between little effect and rapid changes, we use the microscopic classification results in the performance evaluation.Second, this project sets up the economic and social profits model. The difficulties lie in the analysis of the influential effect and proportion of each factor, the establishment of an overall development model of micro-loan companies as well as the examination and assessment of this ideal model.Third, by the assumptions of the development model over the micro-credit companies and credit market equilibrium analysis, we have obtained the idea that the financial-oriented-"commercial business loan companies" model is the currently most suitable development model of the micro-finance field in China. The key factor in development is to make the reasonable market-based interest rates besides the favorable policy provided by the government. Of course, the article also summarizes the shortcomings and limitations of the model. In the final feasibility analysis, we compared the pros and cons between the financial-oriented mode and other modes comprehensively. It is spacious and hopeful for the development of Small loan companies in China. Meanwhile, the research of the Chinese micro-finance should also be continuous and comprehensive.This paper contains164Chinese references,113English references,16Figures and38Tables. |
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