Study On Ecological Forest Compensation Mechanism Of The Chongqing Reservoir Area In Three Gorges

This dissertation is aimed to perfect the present ecological forest compensation mechanism through discriminating the connotation of ecological compensation and ecological forest compensation, and having a in-depth analysis of the composition of ecological forest compensation mechanism so as to reconstitute ecological forest compensation mechanism. Then the method of calculating compensation standard is brought forward after a comprehensive analysis on compensation standard which is the key point of the mechanism design theory. The non-economic forest of Three Gorges Reservoir in Chong Qing is taken for an example to analyze and illustrate the compensation standards and the apportionment of compensate funds in empirical research. Then establish incentive-compatible mechanism On the basis of reference to relevant research results to provide theoretical and empirical support for ecological forest compensation mechanism for the improvement of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Finally, an investigation on the experience of domestic and overseas is made help analyze and assess the problem&effect of the ecological forest compensation at Three Gorges in Chongqing and put forward some policy recommendations accordingly.First, the main contents of the study:1, Study on Ecological forest compensation mechanism formation. Its formation is mainly through discriminating the connotation of ecological public welfare forest compensation, explaining the premise of ecological forest compensate and the basic principles of mechanism design theory should been followed, and learn from a comprehensive analysis of the contents of the non-commercial forest compensation mechanism, whereby constructed compensation mechanism in line with China’s ecological forest building status and requirements.2, Research on ecological forest compensation standards. The main content of this part is to analyze the core content of the ecological forest compensation, and to reveal the relationship between ecological forest compensation and ecological forest supply, So as to set down the ecological forest compensation criterion formula by investigating all factors that impacted the compensation standard.3, Accounting the ecological forest compensation standards。 This thesis uses the date collected from Three Gorges Reservoir in Chong Qing as a basis and applies the CVM method to assess ecological&social benefits of the Three Gorges Reservoir’s ecological forest. After some related work, reasonable standard of the ecological forest compensation is calculated according to the formula.4, Research on apportionment of the compensation funds. Firstly, The paper analyzes the necessity and feasibility of ecological forest compensation funds apportionment and illustrates the principle of apportioning through some small cases study. Then combine methods of AHP and structural entropy weight to have an empirical research on ecological forest compensation funds sharing.5, Research on incentive compatibility mechanism of ecological forest compensation. This part mainly analysis three sections, a comprehensive analysis of the ecological forest compensation incentive and restraint mechanisms, the ecological forest compensation objectives and elements of the security system, and detailed interpretation of the various elements.6, The improvement of the ecological forest compensation mechanism in Three Gorges Reservoir. Having a review on ecological public welfare forest compensation practices in the three gorges reservoir area of Chongqing and comprehensive study and learn the useful experience on ecological forest compensation practices at home and abroad, thereby pursuant to recommendations for improvement.Second, the main conclusions1, Ecological forest compensation has same general forms of transaction in economics, and its essence is a deal. First, ecological forest compensation is a way to achieved its value and adjust the relationship between the interests of the ecological public welfare forest stakeholders; Second, ecological forest products or services functions are compensated by non-market which need for the appropriate design of the system correspondly in order to protect their smooth progress, at the same time "transaction costs" come into being with it obviously; Finally, undifferentiated and general human labor is provide by the forest defenders and builders to maintain and develop ecological forest in the process of ecological forest compensation, meanwhile welfare beneficiaries (may be based on the form of the representatives of the groups of beneficiaries) have to pay for ecological forest products or services, which in itself also reflects the characteristics of the transaction.2, Ecological forest compensation should be guided by the government, and structure it on the base of conducive transaction to safeguard the interests of the various stakeholders. After a theoretical analysis, the compensation standard will be used as a basis for compensation subject to raise funds which will be paid to the compensation object by different ways. An appropriate incentive compatibility mechanism is also need to build to normalize and constraint the behavior between the host-guest. Taking into account the diversity of the compensation body and dispersion of the objects, government should be added. The government acts as a leader and administrator of the cash flow by using of administrative enforcement to apportion compensation funds, as well as raises the compensation to release the funds for subject matter in order to protect the interests of the stakeholders. 3, The core content of the ecological forest compensation is the cost, opportunity cost, and ecological&social benefits compensation, while the supply of the forest is positively correlated with the compensation standards. So the compensation standards forming need to grasp the essence of compensation and take all the influential factors into consideration when stipulated. According to the previous analysis, the core content of the ecological forest compensation, including the maintenance of ecological forest systems and construction costs compensation, economic compensation for abandoning the development opportunity due to maintenance or construction of the ecological forest and external benefits of ecological forest product or service functions to internalize. We also found that supply of ecological forest and compensation standard have a positive correlation after using the theory of political economics and welfare economics to examine the relationship between ecological forest compensation standards and ecological forest supply. This paper presents a formula to reflect all the factors including ecological forests and opportunity costs of compensation and benefits compensation standard comprehensively. The formula to standardize the compensation criterion is as follows: S=S(L)=X3/X1·X2[S(H)-S(L)]4, The value of Ecological and social benefits of the Three Gorges Reservoir ecological forest is great, and shows an increasing trend, thereby ecological forest compensation standards should also be increases, but the current compensation standard is relatively low. This thesis takes the data collected by using Double-bounded dichotomous boot technology as a basis to build a logistic regression model and then applies the CVM method to reflect the ecological and social value of Three Gorges Reservoir ecological forest, having an assessment of the value and social benefits accordingly. The research show that, in2010, the ecological and social benefits of ecological forest in Chongqing Three Gorges play a total value of6.17×109Yuan, the value is great which is also present a increased trending as the time go after a assessment and prediction of2006to2015without considering other factors. By using the formula to calculate the value of the Three Gorges Reservoir ecological forest compensation standards, the results show that a reasonable compensation standard should be120Yuan per year/acre or so, which is much higher than the current standard.5, Split the ecological forest compensation of Three Gorges in Chongqing is feasibly and necessary, but it should obey principles of motivated, equity, efficiency when determine the reasonable shares that the compensation body should be bore.The necessity and feasibility of the compensation standards require apportion funds between the compensation bodies, the housing rent-sharing is taken as a instance to illustrate the sharing principles, AHP method is put into use to calculate the proportion of the individual ecological benefits or social benefits in the overall,and then apply the structure entropy Method to determine the individual ecological benefits or social benefits subjects and their compensation shares, finally, calculate the share of the compensation body should bear, all of these based on the data from expert questionnaire survey. And It turn out that the government should bear about63%, while37%should be taken by the users.6, In order to guarantee the enforcement of ecological forest compensation mechanism, the corresponding incentive-compatible mechanisms should be set up, including incentive and restraint measures for compensation object and security system for compensation body. The ecological forest compensation mechanism cannot operate spontaneously because of the different interests for the host-guest in practice. Then an appropriate incentive-compatible mechanism is required to ensure the efficient and sustainable operation of the ecological forest, which involved incentive and restraint mechanisms for compensation the object and the main security system for the subject Among them, the content of the incentive and restraint mechanisms is to identify subject and object to determine the operation mode and the content of mechanism, while security system include organizational security, financial security and institutional guarantee.7, There are some problems in ecological forest compensation work of Three Gorges Reservoir, the experience of ecological forest compensation practices at home and abroad can be use for reference. There are still a series of problems in the Three Gorges Reservoir ecological forest compensation after a investigate for the status quo of the Three Gorges Reservoir ecological forest compensation, Foreign and domestic ecological forest compensation practice well relatively and have an shed light on the management for our country. Drawing on the experience of the compensation practice at home and abroad, the basic framework of the Three Gorges Reservoir ecological forest compensation mechanism and policy strengthen the ecological forest compensation incentive compatible mechanisms are put forward.Third, the possible innovation1, Propose a government-led ecological forest compensation mechanism based on the intension of transaction. Be different with other studies of the ecological forest compensation,this study do a in-depth analysis of ecological forest compensation transactions "substantial" and analysis by synthesis is adopted to analyze the basic framework of the compensation mechanism and ecological public welfare forest compensation incentive-compatible mechanisms. The Government is introduced acting as the leader and managers of cash flow in the process of ecological forest compensation because of diversity of subject and object.2, re-structure the possible ecological forest compensation standard to design the formula. The compensation standard is one of the key points of the ecological forest compensation mechanism and the foundation of its operation effectively. The study on compensation standards is excessive, it seems, but there is not a unified method for determining or calculation them or the process is too sophisticated, and even some of them have theoretical defects. This paper put forward a feasible ecological forest compensation standard system though a depth profiling core content of ecological forest compensation and examines the relationship between ecological forest compensation standards and ecological forest supply. What’s more take various influencing factors into account to determine the compensation system which contains a minimum standard in real terms for the compensation costs and the opportunity cost, and a highest standard considering the effectiveness, but also architecture the formula considering the cost and benefits.3, apportion the funds of ecological forests compensation heuristically. according to the connotation of ecological forest compensation transactions. Ecological forest compensation should be borne by all beneficiaries theoretically, but that complex it is for the main component of the compensation as well as special nature to eco-Forest Benefit material, previous studies did not find a reasonable method to apportionment of funds, just did some investigates taking the government as the only compensation subject to the raise of money. This study has a in-depth analysis of the anfractuous relationship between the ecological benefits and social benefits, grasp the laws of it, then using AHP method based on the expert survey and structure of entropy weight wears together to research apportionment of the compensation funds to fill blind spot in the field.4, Build a motivation and restriction compensation mechanism based on the essence of compensation. Previous studies on incentive and restrictive mechanism took the government as the single compensation body. Government is just one of it basing on the ecological forest compensation transactions connotation so the compensation body is extended to more than one in this paper, on this basis, a government-led ecological forest compensation incentive compatibility mechanism build.