Study On The Predicate-object Structure In The Buddhist Sutras Translated By Kumarajiva

Buddhist sutras translated by Kumarajiva (hereinafter referred to as the Kumarajiva Sutras) in Yao Qin (姚秦) period play an important role in the history of Buddhism and the history of language,and the predicate-object structure has been a hot research field of grammar,so it is studied the predicate-object structure in the Kumarajiva Sutras in the thesis.A multi-dimensional quantitative survey of the predicate-object structure in Kumarajiva is done,through using the Kumarajiva Sutras as material and establishing more than1.33million word of database, combination of synchronic study with diachronic study, quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis, generality study with case study, factual description and cognitive interpretations. On the basis of the above, the phenomena in Wei-jin period and the development of the predicate-object structure can be well described and analyzed with the relevant theories of cognitive linguistics.The whole paper is divided into five chapters.Chapter Ⅰ provides an overview of studies on the Kumarajiva Sutras and the predicate-object structure in Chinese, research methods and significance. Chapter II focuses on predicate in the predicate-object structure. Section I describes the collocation of the words of verb Xi(洗). It is vital for people,through interpretations the citing cases, to follow the principle of interaction of construction and lexicon;the usage-based view;different perspective;the embodied view etc.Section II studies the collocation of the words of verb Chi&He(吃喝).Examning the characteristics of the object of this type verbs:[±solid][±liquid][±gas], and that of the subject:[±persal][±animal]. As a result,a list is,according to study above,given at the final. Section III concerns about the collocation of the verbs of body:describes the orientation of modifier in compound words; the proccess of object preposing,taking the collocation of Shi...ru...("视......如......")&Shiru ("视如") as examples; the evolution path of Ba(拔) from the "pull" meaning to "break away" and of Chou(抽) from action of hands to action of mouth;summarizes the basic characteristics of the psychological verb in the Kumarajiva Sutras.From Han (汉) Dynasty,including the Kumarajiva Sutras, when VP is behind Shou(受),VP has been highlighted and Shou can be reanalyzed as a grammatical marker.Shou is once used as a passive marker in the Ming (明) and Qing (清) dynasties. As a passive marker appeared later, Shou is suppressed by the typical passive marker Bei(被). Shou is an atypical passive marker as it can be used as a verb in many situations.Chapter III studies object in the predicate-object structure. Section Ⅰ provide two methods:corpus-driven method and listing all examples. Section Ⅱ describes nouns about body in the predicate-object structure.lt is listed and classified that examples in different forms but expess the same meaning,and some extrodinary collocations can be understood just because of knowing the function of organs and the roles of metaphor and metonymy.Section Ⅲ focuses on abstract nouns in the predicate-object structure.Mind, emotion, social space and social rules can be viewed as a container,and the container metaphor theory can be used to interpret the collocation of abstract nouns.Chapter Ⅳ studies the semantic prosody of verbs in the Kumarajiva Sutras.Introduce the theory of semantic prosody and research of Chinese semantic prosody at first.The words of "Zao(遭)"," Ziqu(自取)" and "Duo&Xian (堕陷)" show a negative semantic prosody. The characteristics of the words of "Ziqu" express a violation of objective law, social norms and personal experience and result in a negative influence, which is caused by their own subjective and deserve justice. The characteristics the words of "Duo&Xian" has a very close relationship with spatial metaphor."Duo or Xian+Object" highlights "downward gap",and this feature can be mapped from space domain to the psychological domain or social domain, showing the psychological gap or social gap. From the point of force dynamics,it is the result of physical, psychological or social force. Chapter V talks about the predicate-object structure "V+Prep+O" Section I is an overview of study of preposition. Section Ⅱ&Ⅲ the structure "V+Yu(于)+NP" and "V±Zai(在)+NP", focus on the difference of "V+Yu (Zai)+N" and "Yu (Zai)+N+V". The types of object, taking the subjectivisation and lexicalization of "guoyu" is described.Section IV discusses different function of elements of words of Dao in "V+words of Dao(到)+NP", taking" Wang(往)+X+NP"�'�"Lai(来)+X+NP"as examples.Section V points that Zhuo(著),in "V+Zhou+NP",can be used as preposition in Wei(魏) and Jin (晋) dynasties and disappear after Song (宋) and Yuan (元) dynasties,which is the result of multy-decategorization. Also the "V+Yi(以)+O","V+xiang(向)+NP"and "V+Jiu (就)+NP" structures are studied. An overview of each kind of the structure will be given at the end of each section.Appendix Ⅰ points out the verbs in the Kumarajiva Sutras but Hanyu Dacidian does not include and give the meaning of these words.It is found that, using corpus investigation, in different historical periods these words were presented in continuous use or in intermittent use. Appendix Ⅱ divides the citing20words into seven catogaries, with examples later of the Kumarajiva Sutras and in Hanyu Dacidian respectively in Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty and modern literature and documents. Appendix Ⅰ&Ⅱ discuss the contribution to the amendment value of Hanyu Dacidian(《汉语大词典》) by the the predicate-object structure in the Kumarajiva Sutras. Appendix Ⅲ provides all the predicate-object structure in the Wonderful Dharma Lotus Flower Sutra.