User Study For Geospatial Knowledge Map Service

As the 21 st century is the age of “big data” and picture-reading,ordinary user gets convenient access to huge amounts of geographic information because of the rapid development of computer and network communication technology.Also it is the era of knowledge-driven economy which gives cartography and GIS a new mission to relief the information overloading and solve the contradiction between single map service and multiple user demand for geospatial knowledge.Thus,Geospatial Knowledge Map Service(GKMS),which was knowledgeable and personalized raised at the historic moment,turned the map mode from trying to satisfy users multiple needs in a single map to the dynamic mode of multi-map,multi-layer,multi-pattern and parametric template which satisfied individual user demand for geospatial knowledge one-to-one adaptively and further improved the map service availability and customer satisfaction.The GKMS was of great research significance and practical value and had become a new frontier hot spot of this discipline.For achieving GKMS,it need researches on some key problems such as what was GKMS and its theoretical basis,what was user demand and how to obtain and visually present it.Therefore,with the basis of user study,the main line of satisfying user demand for geospatial knowledge and the target of realizing GKMS,related theories researches were carried out and user-centered multi-dimensional context was discussed,also were the key theories and methods of user study for geospatial knowledge obtaining and map visual representation.The main works and innovation were as the follows:1.Research status analysis of background,related theories and techniques for user and GKMS.Based on the research background,the frontier,trends of cartography and GIS were discussed;the basis theories,experiment methods and key techniques of user study in cartography and related fields were reviewed;the theories,techniques and results of knowledge service and GKMS were summed up.Then the thought of this study was proposed by analyzing the research status;the purpose and meaning were illustrated and the main work were summarized.2.Basis theory of user study for GKMS.The related theory of user geospatial knowledge obtaining was researched;the cone of geospatial knowledge experience was discussed;the multi-dimensionality and duality of context were analyzed;intelligence three-dimensional structure model theory was discussed.By clarifying related thesis from behavioral and activity theory,the activity system structure for user obtaining geospatial knowledge was brought out.The concept of geospatial knowledge was cleared up to build the multi-level classification system;the concept of geospatial knowledge map was discussed also was its key issues.The key points,service structure and service mode of GKMS were analyzed and summarized.The user geospatial knowledge transformation CECI model was innovated.By analyzing the research framework of GKMS,two key strategies of user study were brought out.3.Multi-dimensional context analysis and modeling by user-centered.By analyzing the factor of multi-dimensional context in user geospatial knowledge obtaining,it could be classified into user outside the current context and role inside the expected context innovatively.A concrete analysis was conducted aiming at each component of context especially the user role context,then problems of human-computer interaction and context obtaining were discussed.The user demand,multi-dimensional context and GKMS were associated,and the five levels of user demand for geospatial knowledge were brought out and parsed.The service process model and system organization framework of user geospatial knowledge obtaining were built,the key module was analyzed and the key issues was illustrated.4.User study for regulation and control obtaining geospatial knowledge.Based on the knowledge transformation model,a geospatial knowledge obtaining mechanism were discussed which based on subjective geographical context and user regulation and control with geoscience knowledge discovery;a framework of user knowledge base system was processed and designed.Context facts was managed and organized depend on the facts description.Then the relevance tree of role-behavior-object-features was designed and built.After that the classified extraction for regulation and control rules of user knowledge base was researched and so was the representation method of knowledge;the basis experiment of user knowledge base was carried out by synthesizing some user study methods.Furthermore,aiming at POI comprehensive recommendation,recommendation context factor was analyzed,recommendation flow was designed,and an improved TOPIS algorithm for extracting and implementing comprehensive utility rule was brought out and proved by experiments.5.User study for visual representation of geospatial knowledge map.By analyzing the keys of visualization for geospatial knowledge map,the context factor affection ring was built,and the key issues of map visualization were discussed.By analyzing dual-coding theory,discussing user visual perception and geospatial cognition based on PASS model,the design flow of geospatial knowledge map was proposed.Considering the unawareness of user visual perception,based on user static context factor,an eye movement experiment on map template was carried out and the map template matching rule were extracted and tested by improved C4.5 algorithm;after proposing a symbol design strategy based on linguistics in which symbol design and knowledge representation could be connected based on morpheme semantic and syntax statement composed,the geospatial knowledge map symbol which protruded the need of user cognition was designed,then the symbol design mechanism was built and tested by an experiment.6.Design and implementation for the GKMS prototype system.With the demand background of city geospatial knowledge map service for users,the functional framework and technical proposal of GKMS prototype system were designed and protocoled,then the database of prototype system was created by analyzing the multi-dimensional context data obtaining and preprocessing.After discussing the compiling approach of map service model and clarifying the keys of user knowledge base establishment,the service models,which achieved more than ten kinds of GKMS function based on regulation and control obtaining rule were compiled.Furthermore,the implementation of map visualization for prototype system was discussed,at last a preliminary evaluation for the GKMS prototype system had been done.