The Influence Of Cigarette Paper To Harmfulness Of Cigarette Smoke And Study On The Mechanism

In order to study the influence of cigarette paper on cigarette smoke hazard,the cigarette paper with different physical and chemical indexes was made into uniform cigarette samples to study the physical and chemical indexes such as raw material of pulp,additives,basis weight and air permeability.Smoking machine was adopted to stimulate the smoking model of human being.Cigarette smokewas collected under the standard conditions of aspiration?aspiration amount: 35 ml,aspiration interval: 60 s?.Seven smoke components?CO,HCN,NNK,NH3,B[a]P,Phenol,and Crotonaldehyde?were analyzed by gas chromatography,liquid chromatography,ion chromatography and thermal analyzer.The smoke hazard evaluation index H was calculated according to the release amount of the sevensmoke components.The effect of physical and chemical indexes of cigarette paper on smoke hazard was compared.The thermal properties of cigarette paper were analyzed by thermal gravimetric analysis?TG?,and the relationship between thermal property parameters [such as the thermal weight loss temperature?T?,weight loss rate?V?,residual weight?W?,apparent activation energy?E?] and smoke hazard index H was also studied.The influence mechanism of cigarette paper onsmoke hazard was discussed.Theoretical support was found for reducing smoke hazardof cigarette.The thermal gravimetric analysis results showed that pulp thermal weight loss was a rapid decomposition process at high temperatures while the weight loss of tobacco samples was a process of slow decomposition at low temperature.The initial thermal weight loss temperatures Tw of them were about 280? and 130?,respectively,while the half-life temperatures T_0.5 of bothwere about 350?.The maximum weight loss rate Vmax of the pulp was about 4 times that of the tobacco sample.The residual mass of the pulp at 600?was about 15% while that of the tobacco sample was about 35%.The most probable kinetics mechanism function of pulp pyrolysis deduced by Malek method in the pyrolysis temperature range of 200 400 ? is:G???= 1-?1-??1/3,the kinetic equation of pulp pyrolysis is:ln[?G????/T²]=ln??AR?/??E??-E/?RT?,where the pyrolysis activation energy of pulp samples is 126.8 kJ/mol while that of tobacco samples is 48.6 kJ/mol.The thermal stability of pulp is better than that of tobacco.The results of cigarette smoke analysis on cigarette paper made with different raw material of pulp indicates that the pulp raw material has no obvious effect on regular indexes of cigarette smoke.The differences of burning rate,tar and nicotine emissions in the cigarette smokeare all less than 5%.The raw material of pulp has certain influence on smoke hazard.It affects the smoke hazard index mainly through affecting the release of NNK,phenol,crotonaldehyde and NH3 of smoke components.The effect on NNK and phenol release was more than 15%,and the effect onthe release of crotonaldehyde and NH3 was less than 10%,and on CO,HCN and B [a] P were less than 5%.The corresponding H value of the four kinds of pulp raw materials were: straw pulp > Pulp> linseed pulp> hemp pulp,the maximum value of H value difference is as much as 7.1%.The result of thermal property analysis of cigarette paper showed that the raw material of pulp has effect on thermal property parameters,such as T_0.5 of cigarette paper and pyrolysis activation energy E.The better thermal stability of the pulp raw material is,and the better thermal stability of the corresponding cigarette paper is,the half-life time T_0.5 of the cigarette paper increases,and the residual mass W at the same temperature increases as well.The activation energy of the four different kinds of paper pulp was 90.52 113.47 kJ/mol,and the activation energy from large to small were: linen pulp> hemp pulp> wood pulp> straw pulp.The results of PY-GCMS analysis on cigarettes paper showed that the pyrolysis product kinds and amount of cigarettes paper were more and more with the increase of pyrolysis temperature.The harmful components such as phenolic compounds also appeared at high temperature.The higher the temperature was,the more pyrolysis products were.The kinds and content of harmful ingredients showed an increasing trend.Pyrolysis products are almost the same and there is no significant differencefor their content when the pyrolysis products of the four kinds of cigarette paper made with different pulp have been compared at 300? and 400?.The pyrolysis products of linen pulp and hemp pulp cigarette paper contained lower phenolic compounds than wood pulp and straw pulp cigarette paper at 700?.The influence mechanism of pulp raw materials on cigarette smoke hazard is as follows: The better thermal stability of the raw material of pulp,the better the thermal stability of the corresponding cigarette paper,the release of harmful substances decomposed in the cigarette combustion process is less,smoke hazard reduces.The residual mass W of the cigarette paper has a negative correlation with the smoke hazard index H.The smoke hazard index H decreases when W increases.The activation energy E of cigarette paper pyrolysis and the HCN,B[a]P,phenol,crotonaldehyde and so on.The activation energy E increased with the increase of HCN,B[a]P,phenol,and the smoke hazard index?H?of the flue gas was decreased.The activation energy E of cigarette paper has a negative correlation with the release of HCN,B[a]P,phenol,crotonaldehyde.The release of HCN,B[a]P,phenol,crotonaldehyde and smoke hazard index H decreased when activation energy E increased.Potassium carbonate,magnesium citrate,potassium citrate,potassium acetate,potassium phosphate and potassium malate were selected as six kinds of additives that are suitable for cigarette paper according to the influence of additives on the thermal properties of cigarette paper,physical and chemical indexes of cigarette smoke and the sensory quality of cigarette.7 formulations?Z2 ^Z8?have been made with these six additives Cigarette paper in the additives,and cigarette paper pilot test have been carried out with these formulations.The results showed that the additive had a positive effect on the combustion of cigarettes,the burning rate increased,number of aspirations reduced,and the release of chemical constituents in cigarette smoke was affected as well.After adding additives,cigarette burning rate increased from 8.28 mm/min to 9.80 mm/min,an increase of 18.36%.The maximum decreases of the release of total particulate matter,tar,nicotine and CO in the mainstream smoke are 13.03%,12.15%,14.29% and 7.14%,respectively.The variation of CO release was the smallest one.Cigarette paper additives can also reduce smoke hazard.The smoke hazard index H decreased by 10.5% ¹4.4%.For the seven harmful ingredients in cigarette smoke,the release of NNK,NH3 and phenol was with a decrease of more than 20%.The decrease themis most significant ones.Cigarette paper auxiliaries can reduce the harmfulness of flue gas,and the smoke harm index H decreases by 10.5% 14.4%;For the seven harmful components in flue gas,NNK,NH3 and phenol release were the most significant,with the decrease of more than 20%.Followed by HCN and crotonaldehyde,and the decrease was more than 15%.The decrease of CO and B[a]P,less than 10%,was the smallest one.The influence of additives on the release of chemical composition of cigarette mainstream smoke was mainly in the following three aspects:?a?Which can catalyze the thermal decomposition of cigarette paper and reduce the pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis activation energy of the cigarette paper so that the components of cigarette paper,such as plant fiber,can be thermally cracked at a lower temperature,pyrolysis products and contents decrease.?b?Whichcan promote the formation of coke?residual mass of solid phase?during the thermal decomposition of the cigarette paper,reducesthe generation oftar and volatile gas.It reduces the amount of pyrolysis products entering mainstream smoke;?c?The diffusion between mainstream smoke and air has been enhanced withthe increasingof cigarette paperpermeability when heating temperature is the same.It results in the dilution of mainstream smoke and the decrease of release of chemical constituents in the mainstream smoke.The results ofthe experiments on the cigarette paper with different basis weight showed that the basis weight of cigarette paper has a significant effect on cigarette burning rate,and there is a positive correlation between them.Cigarette paper quantitative increase,cigarette burning rate becomes faster with the basis weight of cigarette paperincreases,and the number of aspirationdecreases.Cigarette burning rate increased by 10.0% when the basis weight of cigarette paper increased from 30g/m2 to 38g/m2.The impact of cigarette paper basis weight on the smoke hazard index H was not obvious,H decreased from6.77 to 6.41 when the basis weight of cigarette paper increased from 30g/m2 to 38g/m2.The release content variation of tar,nicotine,CO,HCN,NNK,NH3,B[a]P,phenol and crotonaldehyde in cigarette smoke was-3.80%,-5.60%,3.96%,-2.94%,1.43%,-8.62%,and 4.96%.The variationof NH3 and phenol was more than 6%,and there was a negative correlation between their release content and basis weight of cigarette paper.While there was no correlation between the release of the other smoke components and the basis weight of cigarette paper.The influence mechanism of basis weight of cigarette paper on smoke hazard is: The absolute content of combustion-supporting agent per unit area increases along with the increase of basis weight of cigarette paper while the thermal stability of cigarette paper reduces.It results that the weight loss temperature decreases,the weight loss rate slows down,and the pyrolysis activation energy of cigarette paper decreases,and the burning rate of cigarette accelerates.TG parameters,Tmax,Vmax and activation energy E of cigarette paper changed by-1.76%,-11.99% and-15.2% respectively while cigarette paper burning rate increased by 10.0% whent he basis weight of cigarette paper increased from 30 g /m2 to 38g/ m2.There was a positive correlation between the release of NH3 and phenol in cigarette smoke and the thermal properties of cigarette paper Tmax,Vmax and E.NH3 and phenol release in cigarette smoke decreases when Tmax,Vmax and E decrease.There was no correlation between the release rate of CO,HCN,NNK,B[a]P,crotonaldehyde in cigarette smoke and thermal properties of cigarette paper Tmax,Vmax and E.The results of the experiment on cigarette paper with different air permeability showed that: The air permeability had no significant effect on cigarette burning rate,cigarette burning rate changed by 2.7% when air permeability of cigarette paper increased from 30 CU to 80 CU.The air permeability of cigarette paper had a significant effect on the smoke hazard index H and the release of each component in cigarette smoke,and there was a negative correlation between them.Smoke hazard index H decreased from 6.79 to 5.12,decreased by 24.6%.The release of tar,nicotine,CO,HCN,NNK,NH3,B[a]P,phenol and crotonaldehyde in cigarette smoke changed by-12.8%,-11.3%,-27.1%,-24.5 %,-16.5%,-20.8%,-15.8%,-18.3% and-36.5% respectively,and the influence on the gas phase is greater than that of the particulate matter.The influence mechanism of air permeability of cigarette paper on cigarette smoke hazard mainly lies in the following two aspects:?a?affect the ventilation rate of cigarettes?paper ventilation and total ventilation rate?to change the diffusion of mainstream smoke in cigarettes,and thus affect the release of smoke components.The ventilation rate of cigarettes increaseswhile the air permeability of cigarette paper increases.The diffusion of mainstream smoke through cigarette paper is enhanced,the mainstream smoke is diluted by air,and the release of smoke components is reduced,thus the smoke hazard index is reduced.Cigarette paper ventilation rate and total ventilation rate increased by 103.5% and 19.5% respectively when air permeabilityof cigarettepaper increased from 30 CU to 80 CU.There was a positive correlation between the air permeability of cigarette paper and the ventilation rate of cigarette.However,there was a negative correlation between cigarette ventilation rate and smoke hazard index H,and the release amount of each smoke component.?b?The air permeabilityhas a certain delayeffect on the thermal decomposition of cigarette paperat high temperature?> 400 ??.The half-life temperature T_0.5and pyrolysis residual mass of the cigarette paper increaseswhen the air permeability increases.However,the tar and volatile gas produced by pyrolysis of the cigarette paper were reduced,thereby the release of tar and other smoke components in the mainstream cigarette smoke reduced.Thus,the smoke hazard index decreased accordingly.The half-life temperature T_0.5 increased by 31.34% when the air permeability of cigarette paper increased from 30 CU to 80 CU.The residual weight increased by 3% 5% at the same temperature.There is a negative correlation between the residual weight W,half-life temperature T_0.5and the smoke hazard index H.In this paper,the influence degree of each index on smoke hazard index H is as follows: air permeability> additives> pulp raw material> quantitative,The corresponding H values changed by 24.6%,14.4%,7.1% and 5.3% respectively,and the H value had a certain correlation with the thermal performance parameters of the cigarette paper.