The Study Of The Democracy Issue During The Salvation And Enlightenment In Modern China

The domocracy issue in the salvation and enlightenment that is the issue of political system during the course of anti-imperialist and anti-feudal.Through the salvation to achieve national independence and through the enlightenment to realize the people's liberation which were the two historical themes in mordern China.All political plans to restruct China must accept the test of the two historical themes.This paper elaborates the historical process and the historical logic that Western democracy yielded to Marxism democracy and democratic people's republic replaced bourgeois republic by analysising the democatic enlightenment and the political practice during the odject salvation and system salvation and culture salvation.The first chapter to study the base and the task and the prescriptive about the democracy in modern China.For lack of advanced political system and independent subject and deliberate time and space,salvation fell in dilemma from the beginning.Democracy was proposed during the process to break the dilemma of salvation and enlightenment.China wanted to accomplish united salvation only to by democratic enlightenment to wake subject consciousness and resolve the age-contrast of system between China and occident only to by democratic revolution and generate new ideology only to by the new democratic platform.During the process to answer the two historical themes,the prescriptive of salvation and enlightenment show on the democracy of content and form.The second chapter to study the start of modern consciousness during studying the western learning and making the western machine deepen from slogan to practice in modern China.The fail of the first Opium War wake the pragmatism and practical leaning and that it is the mechanism to resolve the crisis of traditional China and the westernization movement want to save landlord class by the Chinese ideas with western expressions after Peasant war of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the second Opium War.Although the pragmatism and practical leaning and the Chinese ideas with western expressions can't break autocratic monarchy,the spark of enlightenment was ignited inadvertently in modern technology consciousness and world consciousness and salvation consciousness.The historical changes have run to the front of the historical subject.The third chapter to explain the salvation relay between the reformist and the revolutionaries.Although the fail of the Sino-Japanese War trigger unparalleled national awakening,Qing Dynasty still reinforce the autocratic monarchy and the salvation movement turned to revolution after the fail of bourgeois class reformation.The 1911 Revolution overthrow the monarchy and gave the birth to Republic of China.On the one side it appear the first enlightenment movement of democracy,on the other hand the fact that democratic enlightenment lag behind democratic salvation showed.The fourth chapter to study the change in guiding ideology of the democratic enlightenment and the change in the guiding strength of the democratic revolution in the stage of cultural salvation.The New Culture Movement promoted democratic enlightenment of the bourgeois class to the peak.Under October Revolution and the First World War influence,advanced elements have cast doubts to the democratic enlightenment and Marxism grew into the guiding ideology of the democratic enlightenment.Represented by the may4th movement,the working class entered the historical arena of the democratic revolution.The Communist Party of China was born by the Marxism combined with labor movement.The birth of the Communist Party of China made the democratic enlightenment enter a new stage.The fifth chapter study to the process that the regularity on democracy by salvation and enlightenment turn into reality in the new-democratic revolution under the leading of the Communist Party of China.The first KMT-CPC cooperation made a pioneering exploration in the form of the united salvation and lineup of the democratic subject and the type of party system.But the joint dictatorship of the revolutionary classes couldn't accomplish the needs of salvation and enlightenment under the leader of bourgeois class.After the failure of the Great Revolution,the Communist Party of China became the banner of democracy.National salvation and enlightenment created the republic after the Agrarian Revolutionary and the transition in the Anti-Japanese War and the victory in the liberation war.That the establishment of People's Republic of China was the historical result on the contradiction movement among the salvation enlightenment and democracy.The establishment of Chinese socialist democratic system substained and promoted the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and showed the important realistic meaning to promot the human democratic process.