Study On The Turn Of New British Marxist Cultural Criticism Thought

The British new Marxist cultural criticism thought is based on the classical Marxist thought,combining Its own cultural traditions and organically integrate theories,which including Gramsci cultural hegemony theory and other theoretical resources,Britain formed a theoretical explanation model.This pattern which with important theoretical significance and practical value provides a unique way of thinking and abundant ideological connotation in the history of Marxism.This paper tries to grasp and analysis the formation and evolution logic of British new Marxist cultural criticism thought,based on the basic position and method of the Marxism.It discusses the new British Marx’s cultural criticism adhere to and development of Marx’s cultural theory and in-depth analysis of the theoretical contribution and unique practical value of it.Combined with the logic theory of the transformation of the paradigm of cultural criticism,it provides a dialectical analysis on the breakthrough and limitation in the method of the British new Marxist cultural criticism thought.This article tries to take British new Marxist cultural criticism thought about the different ways of interpretation on the relation between practice and culture as the logic starting point,and reveal a positive dynamic existence of the main subject which given by the cultural practice.On one hand based on the turn of the ideology criticism and deepen the understanding of the subject existing way,and reveals the shift of the British new Marxist cultural criticism thought in the way of social reform on the other hand.The design of social changes of the British new Marxist largely embodies a kind of value choice.The introduction outlines the British new Marxist cultural criticism thought origin and the development course in the whole,analyzes the domestic and foreign academic circles on the research of the British new Marxist cultural criticism thought,combes the research with puting forward the main problems and points of view,pointes out the problems existing in the current study.Analyzes the research of British new Marxist cultural criticism thought and provides the theory meaning and realistic meaning.The first chapter mainly analyzes the different ways of interpretation of British new Marxist cultural criticism thought about the relationship between practice and culture.We first analyze Marx’s cultural viewpoint based on the practice by Karl Marx’s "practice" and "spiritual production".Then it is pointed out that Lukas and Gramsci early western Marxist highlighted by Marx thought contains the subjectivity of dimensions,develop the cultural critique dimension of Marxist philosophy,and puts forward a practice viewpoint based on the culture.The later western Marxists further promoted this kind of practice view.European Marxists(with the Frankfurt school for example)define culture from the spiritual level,thereby contrast with the reality of cultural practice,and put forward a comprehensive critique of all kinds of practice in modern industrial society on this basis.Conversely,by drawing from Marx’s theory of social production,the British new Marxist expand the connotation and extension of the concept of culture,put forward the thought system of cultural materialism,showing a kind of cultural practice based on "production".The idea of adhering to and enriching Marx’s "spirit of the production" theory.The second chapter mainly analysis the shift of the British new Marxist cultural criticism thought about the existence state of subject.The founder of Marx’s philosophy is mainly from the perspective of material production practice to understand and grasp the way of human existence.On the one hand,they in theory to practice or technology industry as the intermediary,not only pays attention to the reality of the people themselves,and as a condition to exist in the future perspective of human society,reveals and demonstrates the dynamic nature of human development;on the other hand,they are in practice based on the realistic and concrete way of production analysis of specific social differentiation and different performance.The innovation of Marx’s understanding of the subject is embodied in the unity of the thought and the reality of the subject into an organic whole,that is,the understanding of the inherent unity of human nature and social nature.Gramsci begins to study double vision subject in the ideological and cultural enlightenment,changed Marx and Engels mainly from the perspective of material production practice to grasp the existence way of human practice,Since then,the western Marxism has inherited this angle of view.Based on idealistic view of culture,ContinentalEuropean Marxist realistic subject state of being understood as absolute alienation,mass culture or cultural production described as a successful ideological rule,opposed cultural production and people’s subject consciousness.Based on Marxism especially conscientiously and abided by historical materialism,the British new Marxist criticize the country’s traditional elitism culture sight and expand the connotation of culture,its linked with ordinary People’s Daily life and experience.They tries to put the connotation of popular culture to culture.They in different periods of various forms of research,to reveal the internal mechanism of real cultural production efforts by a diversification of the main active state of existence.More importantly,they are committed to revealing the inherent mechanism of the production of real culture in different periods of study,and strive to show us the existence of a variety of active subjects,attempt to present us the diversification of existence state of the subject dynamic.The third chapter is mainly about the analysis of the ideological criticism in the British new Marxist cultural criticism thought.Investigation on the ideological criticism to the former,is the extension of a subject,because it can deepen our understanding of the main mode of existence to understand,after all,the human existence is indispensable in ideology;on the next theme tips and pave the way,because of differences in ideology and understanding is the key to change location the way of social change.At home and abroad,in the understanding of Marx’s ideology,opinions are not unified.Based on the position of the proletarian revolution.This paper argues that Marx from a more negative sense of its ideological thought.Based on such a judgment,this paper argues that,from the meaning of "historical group"(replacement of the concept of "class”)Gramsci general ideology into a neutral concept.Continental Marxist were not continuation of Gramsci’s Marxist point of view,most of them see ideology in a negative sense,and even their theory can largely as a critique of ideology.Based on historical materialism the Britain’s new Marxism further expand the Gramsci’s point of view.They tried to in-depth study of mass culture and aesthetic activities,trying to find a new culture and new way of social life and roads,and the complex mechanism of aesthetic ideology as a solution to solve the problem of contemporary political and social and way,western Marxism primarily achieved on the ideological problems from criticism mode to constructive mode,and further weaken the class attribute of ideology.They put the complex mechanism of aesthetic ideology as a solution to solve the problem of contemporary political and social and way.They initially shift from critical mode to constructive mode on Ideological issues,and further weakened the class attribute of ideology,and further desalt the class attribute of ideology.The fourth chapter mainly discusses the turn of the British new Marxist cultural criticism thought about the way of social transformation.According to the basic contradiction of the capitalist mode of production,Marx explained the reality and necessity of the class struggle of the liberation material production subject.But with the development of social practice,human society has undergone tremendous changes,people no longer reflect fundamentally as the main material needs in the process of material production,but show in the process of cultural production alienation in a large extent.Gramsci put forward with political and economic dimensions of the cultural revolution to deal with the proletarian revolutionary consciousness loss and recovery problems.Gramsci also analyzes many problems,such as the subject the internal mechanism and basic way of the Cultural Revolution.European Marxism makes the revolutionary theory of Gramsci become a kind of pure culture criticism and illusory aesthetic redemption.Different from them,the British new Marxism is committed to digging and revealing improving people’s living conditions,life pattern and social practice ability through culture in the real world of capitalism,and then to realize the possibility of complete liberation of mankind.In early period,they focus on the legal status and liberation potential of working class culture.Afterwards they use cultural leadership theory of Gramsci for reference,devote to reveal and demonstrate the legality and revolt potential of mass culture,and focus on the internal mechanism of cultural leadership form.Meanwhile,the British new Marxism also transcend cultural level,gradually transition to the social political level to discuss the reality pathway of the mass culture resistance.The fifth chapter focus on the turn of the subject value choice of the British new Marxist cultural criticism thought.Culture can unify the fact and value.Culture can be illustrated as of reality,and can be used as the ideal signal.Marx grasp the essence of culture,based on people’s practice activity of target.He determined the direction of the cultural progress and value pursuit from man’s free and comprehensive development and grasp the status and role of the culture on the basis of the structure of human society and human history development.Thus,on the basis of practice,people’s freedom,cultural progress and social development are organically unified.In Marx’s view.People as subject complete the cultural value as the main achievements appear constantly beyond our own "natural" and enter the stage of development in accordance with the main purpose of "self-conscious" development,and highlight the constant pursuit of liberation and freedom of human spirit.The essence of the social revolution is the continuous display of human nature,the process of continuous generation of the main body culture.Adhering to the basic spirit of Marx,Gramsci believes that cultural progress is essentially human development and progress,the progress of culture experience from spontaneous to conscious process is the existence of people from spontaneous to conscious understanding of human and cultural values in a process of continuous improvement,which is also a process of increasing subjectivity.Gramsci further to the realization of this process in the hope to enlighten the people of intellectuals.Later the European Marxism expands the culture criticism as a kind of modernity criticism.Around modernity they build two different style criticism,which show two different kinds of the value choice,namely value presupposition and value choice.The former understand culture as a kind of eternal value based on mankind,and according to this reflect on the survival circumstances and destiny of real people,criticize all the material structure and alienation power of realistic society which bounding,oppressing and ruling people,through this critique try to realize the return of subject from personal value to the human value.The latter takes Benjamin as an example,based on the position and method of historical materialism,he uses his own unique image interpretation opens the explanation of the germinal choice model of the humanistic value,which inject a reasonable value choice for the development of the era.Instead,the British new Marxist cultural criticism emphasizes the culture as a way of life to a great extent and the relative independence of ideology.They object to oppose the creation of the public as the main body of culture.British new Marxist cultural criticism thought understand the culture as a kind of production and reproduction activities.The process of cultural production and reproduction,in essence,is the choice,modification and construction process of the meaning and value of the social subject.They hope in the construction of a common culture,or to tap the potential of the liberation of popular culture,or through the construction of a new culture to achieve the liberation and freedom of human development.The Conclusion try to realize an overall inspect and grasp to the British new Marxist cultural criticism thought,on the basis of discussion and analysis of the British new Marxist’s five diversion.Firstly,through placing it in the development history of Marxist philosophy sums up its theoretical contribution,especially its stick and expand of the Marxist cultural view.Secondly,In view of the broader theory analyzes the theoretical contribution of the new British Marx’s cultural criticism,and points out its practical value.Finally,through placing it in the shift logic of culture critical theory paradigm points out that its breakthrough of methodology and theoretical limitations and deficiencies.The innovation of this paper is the first to break the research ideas and case of domestic and foreign scholars of Britain’s new Marx doctrine based on the stage of the division before and after exploring the idea of internal fault and generational differences in study mode,try to be as a whole,starting from the perspective of cultural criticism,along five clues to reshape the body from the overall effects of Britain’s new Marx doctrine in critical theory.Secondly the comprehensive analysis of the new British marxist cultural criticism thought the sublation of the continental marxist cultural criticism theory and cultural theory of marxism development and adhere to reveals its theoretical essence,made its contribution to the development of the cultural philosophy theory clear.At the same time,preliminary discussed it to improve cultural practices ability under the socialist system and the function of culture and cultural production services for the people of the reasonable starting point.Finally,in this paper,the new British Marxist cultural criticism thought of holism meth deals with ideology which is dialectically analyzed and discussed.