Research On The Japanese Consultants In Modern China After The Sino-Japanese War～the Establishment Of Nanjing National Government

In ancient times,Japan studied from China in such aspects as politics,economy and culture.In the 1860 s,Japan turned to the west,and the road to "Out of Asia into Europe".The economy,the military,and the education quickly developed,and Japan became the world’s great power.During the Sino-Japanese War of the late 19th century,the Qing dynasty,which claims to be a big country,has suffered a crushing defeat and has been swept away by Japan,which has been despised as a small country.Late Qing Reforms begins at the beginning of the 20th century,China began to learn from Japan,by sending students to Japan,employing Japanese,translating Japanese books,investigating the Japanese society.Thus,the relationship between China and Japan has been transformed,it is called "honeymoon period"or "golden age".In this context,the Japanese consultancies are on the stage of Chinese history.For more than 60 years,Japanese consultancies have been active in China’s political,economic,education,military,legal,industrial and telecommunications sectors.The Japanese consultancies have a great influence on Chinese society and modern china-japan relations,which is one of the important topics in the history of sino-japanese relations.However,when it comes to the research results,the amount is very small,and its content tends to study the investigation of a specific period,specific field or specific person,and has not yet formed a systematic study.The author has worked in Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan,National Archives of Japan,National Institute for Defense Studies,Modern Japanese Political History Materials Room in National Diet Library from 2015 to 2016,and found that a large number of the original files on Japanese consultants,this is a virgin land hasn’t been cleared.Therefore,this paper takes the Japanese consultants in modern China as the research object,using the empirical investigation,literature research,inductive methods of classification,the ideological understanding research,explores Japanese consultants to flare approach trajectory,geographic distribution and activity,and use marxist view of history on the era characteristics,historical role and impact on China,Japan and the sino-japanese relations,so as to further enrich the content of the modern sino-japanese relations.But due to the limitation of the author’s research ability and the scope of investigation data,the time scope of the investigation was defined as "after the Sino-Japanese War to the Establishment of Nanjing National Government",and the geographical scope was "the mainland of China".The author maked a survey and found out:1.With the change of relations between China and Japan,the approach of the Japanese consultancies in China has been gradually transformed from "recruitment" to "dispatch system".In China,Japanese consultants have become an important means to implement China’s policy towards China.But,in the tenth of twentieth century,the Japanese government and the Japanese ministry of war had the opposite of sending consultants to China,creating a"dual diplomacy",which was the Japanese government’s policy of not interfering with the Chinese civil war because of the spirit of the Washington conference,and it was a warning to the Japanese consultants in China.The general staff of the Japanese army,in order to actively promote the "continental policy",constantly send Japanese consultants to the warlords,hoping to expand Japan’s interests in China in the form of supporting agents.2.Modern Japanese consultants have a close relationship with Japan’s China policy in the distribution area,activities trajectory,the international situation changing,and the changing of the situation in China;and in different historical background presents different characteristics.3.Some Japanese consultants have played an important leading role in introducing advanced technology and ideas and advancing China’s modernization.In communicating with Japan,it has played a role of bridge and link;The act of providing advice and advice to employers in due course helps maintain the stability of China’s political situation.4.Most of the Japanese consultants in China has been committed to cultivate pro-japanese feelings of the Chinese people,and the Japanese forces in China,the implementation of the penetration of culture and education,all kinds of intelligence and information collection,acts as the vanguard of aggression against China;Some Japanese advisers’ actions or suggestions have even affected the direction of the events in China and Japan.In the appendix part of the paper,the author has organized a form including the basic information of the district,the employment title and the life of the Japanese consultant,and the responsible matters,to provide the basic materials for the future research.Conditioned by the author’s research ability and level,the paper has failed to conduct a full investigation of a Japanese consultants who has been activing on the Chinese history stage for over 60 years,Moreover,in some cases,the study and discourse of some issues have been dabble.In the future,the author will improve the humanistic quality,enhance the study of the knowledge of literary history,and expand the scope of research on the basis of this study to further investigate the problems and gradually uncover the essence of the Japanese consultancies in China.