Research On Symbiotic Development Of Urban And Rural Areas

Based on the two social phenomenons,the research was being presented.One is false urbanization phenomenon.That is,although a large number of rural industry workers living in cities have been calculated as the urban population,they cannot benefit from all kinds of public services as the city dwellers.Additionally,their income and consumption level is far lower than that of the general urban workers.The right inequality between the city dwellers and rural residents is a true reflection of urban-rural gap in economic growth process.The other is rural hollow phenomenon.It is a differentiation process that external village rapid development and internal development lag.It refers to the talent hollow,land pastureland,empty nest family,science and technology hollow,and so on.This phenomenon has a great influence on the urbanization,construction of new countryside and balanced development of urban and rural places.Through above social phenomenon,it indicates that the urban-rural gap is a very serious problem.So,based on the core issue of imbalance between urban and rural areas,this paper proposes a new theoretical concept which is the symmetry mutualism development of cities and villages.Besides,this paper initially sets up theoretical frame of the symbiotic development of cities and villages with the standardize research methods,in order to propose a theoretic guidance for balance urban and rural development.So,the research significance is that this paper put forward and sets up theoretical frame of the symbiotic development of cities and villages from the perspective of ecology.Firstly,this paper applies the symbiosis theory of ecology to discuss the development path from abnormality to normalization of the symbiotic development of cities and villages.Secondly,on the value level,this paper discusses the symbiosis system of "Five in One" of the symbiotic development of cities and villages in three aspects:the concept of symmetry development,the measures of reciprocity development,and the pattern of symbiotic development.Thirdly,on the practice path,this paper mainly propose three measures,which are the secondary urban development strategy,sustainable economic development strategy,rural community development strategy.Therefore,this paper mainly divides into seven parts:The first chapter is introduction.First,based on the social phenomenon,this part mainly introduces the research problem,research purpose,and research significance.Second,this part also illustrate the research situation at home and abroad of urban-rural relationship from research perspective,research methods and research content.Third,this section explain the basic concept,including the integration of urban and rural areas,the coordinated development of urban and rural areas,balance urban and rural development,and define the connotation of the symbiotic development of cities and villages.The last,this section states the research method,research scheme,research framework,research innovation and the shortage of research.The second chapter mainly elaborates the symbiosis theory,which is a new perspective for research the urban-rural relation of China.Firstly,this part discusses the duality of the society order during the process of social transformation,and the wish of common development is being put forward.Secondly,state the connotation of the symbiosis theory,and elaborate the conjunction with the research of urban-rural relation.Thirdly,this section briefly illustrates the symbiotic relationship of Chinese urban and rural relations,which is abnormality symbiosis and normalization symbiosis.The abnormality symbiosis mainly reflects in three aspects,which are the urban-rural dual system,urban biased policies.However,the normalization symbiosis is the development direction of Chinese urban and rural relations;it is a symmetry mutualism development system,which includes politics,economy,ecology,society,and culture.The third chapter mainly elaborates the historical changes and actual circumstances of Chinese urban and rural relation.The first,from the perspective of symbiosis theory,this part analyze the historical changes of Chinese urban and rural relation since the founding in 1949.It indicates the symbiosis relation mainly includes commensalism,dissymmetry mutualism and symmetry mutualism.In addition,based on the statistics data,this part analyzes the actual circumstances of Chinese urban and rural relation.It shows that there is a very large gap between urban and rural areas,such as the economic development and social development.Besides,this section also makes an empirical analysis in the use of the evaluation index system.The result indicates the urban-rural gap is gradually increasing from the east to western areas,and the gap is also gradually increasing after the reform and opening up.Lastly,this part gives a systematic theory summary for the historical changes problem of Chinese urban and rural relation.That is,the development process from abnormality symbiosis to normalization symbiosis.Abnormality symbiosis,which breaches the equity,efficiency and social justice,is the actual circumstances of Chinese urban and rural relation.The fourth chapter mainly explains the reasons of abnonnality symbiosis of Chinese urban and rural relation.Firstly,from the perspective of the urban-bias theory,this part performs a systematical analysis and conducts an empirical test on the relationship between the urban bias and the urban-rural gap.The result indicates that the urban-biased policies are the fundamental reasons for the urban-rural gap in China.And the urban bias policies are mainly reflected in two stages,urban bias price policy from 1949-1978 and non-price policies of urban bias since 1978.Secondly,from the point of view of local government,the strategic essentialism behavior of local government is also the direct causes for the abnormality symbiosis of Chinese urban and rural relation.It mainly includes three strategies,which are the short-term action for the economy development,investment attraction.Lastly,from the perspective of the structural-functionalism theory,the rural hollow is the potential causes for the abnormality symbiosis development of Chinese urban and rural relation.It includes authority hollow of rural collective,the talent hollow,and the cooperation hollow between villagers.The fifth chapter mainly constructs the theoretical system of symmetry mutualism development of Chinese urban and rural relation.This section discusses the symbiosis system of "Five in One" of the symbiotic development of cities and villages in three aspects:the concept of symmetry development,the measures of reciprocity development,and the pattern of symbiotic development.And then state the content in five aspects:politics,economy,ecology,society,and culture.Firstly,this part proposes that the political resources should be fair shares between urban and rural areas,including political power,the national financial resources,institutions and policies.Secondly,economic resources must be allocated rationally between urban and rural areas,including the reasonable allocation land value increment and industry nurture agriculture.The aim is to promote the balanced development of economy between urban and rural areas.Thirdly,it should promote the harmonious development of urban and rural areas in culture.That is,it needs to construct the common culture community between urban and rural areas in three aspects:cultural concepts,cultural symbols and cultural memory.And then realizing the true integration development of urban and rural areas in culture.Fourthly,it also needs to strengthen the common development of people's wellbeing and social programs between urban and rural areas by the way of people's cooperation and government support.Lastly,it must be take the co-governance measure to promote ecological progress between urban and rural areas.That is,the way of co-governance is just by government-led,people and non-government organization participation.The sixth chapter mainly states the measures of symmetry mutualism development of Chinese urban and rural relation.The symmetry mutualism development of Chinese urban and rural relation must be enhancing rural development.And it also needs to make perfect relevant policies and strengthen the market mechanism to promote the symmetry mutualism development between urban and rural areas.Besides,it must make specific measures to realize that objective.Firstly,the central government should take the secondary urban development strategy,that is,it must be make a diversified strategy,such as urbanization development,the new countryside construction,and new pattern of urban and rural amalgamation development.Secondly,the local government should make the sustainable economic development strategy,including make the democratic cooperation system and set up the achievements assessment system of scientific development.Lastly,the village government should also promote the rural community development strategy,including strengthens the rural political power,attract talent,and establish village identity.Additionally,the government must set up the idea of inclusive development,and establish the community between urban and rural areas to promote the symmetry mutualism development of Chinese urban and rural relation.The seventh chapter is the conclusion and discussion.This part summarizes the research conclusions and attempts to give a briefly political analysis of the symmetry mutualism development of Chinese urban and rural relation.On one hand,social justice can be realized in the symmetry mutualism development of Chinese urban and rural areas.On the other hand,the country will become more powerful and the civil society also stronger,once the symmetry mutualism development of cities and villages realized.