Study On The Chemical Composition And Functionality Of Madder Essential Oil Based On Different Methods

Rubia cordifolia L.is climbing herb.It belongs to the the rubiaceae family.Rubia cordifolia L.root was widely used as one of the traditional Chinese medicines and had the following efficacy such as promoting circulation of blood&hemostasis effect,cough suppressant&expectorant,removing blood stasis&restoring menstrual flow,change the constitution and hydragogue.Rubia cordifolia L.resources in China Widely are widely distributed,especially in the weinan area of shaanxi province.The systematic research and deep understanding of the traditional Chinese medicine resources will be sure to promote the development of local economy and Traditional Chinese medicine industry.Rubia cordifolia L.raw materials used in this paper are collected in nanyuan area of weinan city,shaanxi province.Volatile components of Rubia cordifolia L.,that is,essential oil in Rubia cordifolia L.,is studied.The paper mainly analyzes the chemical composition and biological function of essential oil in Rubia cordifolia L.1.Mollugin,furomollugin,Phenol,4-tert-butyl-2-phenyl-,2-cyclopenten-l-one,3-methyl-,?-eudesmol and 11-hydroxycannabinol etc.were identified the main composition exsited in the essential oil of Rubia cordifolia L which is extracted by steam distillation.Furomollugin,mollugin,?-eudesmol,4-tert-butyl-2-phenyl-,eugenol,squalene and 2-Cyclopenten-l-one,3-methyl-.etc.were proved to be the major components exsited in the essential oil of Rubia cordifolia L which is obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide.There are also some differences in the apparent state of the two kinds of madder oil.eg:The essential oil from steam distillation method was light yellow-green,aromatic and a solid,just as flake crystalline with a lower yield,however,The essential oil from SFE-CO₂ method was orange-red,sticky solid with a little higher yield.Benzene acetaldehyde,pulegone,geranyl acetone,2-cyclopenten-1-one,3-methyl-and lar-curcumene etc.were identified the main constituents of the essential oil from solid-phase microextraction.2.Two kinds of essential oils obtained using water vapor distillation and supercritical C02 fluid extraction and seven bacteria including G+ and G-were used for bacteriostatic experiments.S.epidermidis,B.cereus and S.typhimurium were more sensitive to the essential oil extracted by steam distillation;S.aureus,S.epidermidis,B.subtilis and S.typhimurium showed more sensitive to the essential oil obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide.On the whole,the bacteriostatic ability of the essential oil obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide was much better than the essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation.3.After the interaction of microbial cells with essential oil from Rubia cordifolia L.root,the essential oil interfered with the growth of microorganisms.As can be seen from the growth curve,the essential oil significantly delayed the logarithmic growth of microbial cells.Microbial cell surface,internal structure and form changed significantly,and suffered a certain degree of destruction,such as the cell surface no longer regulated,and the contents of the cell were dissolved and spilt.The cell wall,cytomembrane and cytoplasm of microbial cells after essential oil treatment showed different morphology from their primitive cells.4.The essential oil respectively obtained by steam distillation and supercritical carbon dioxide also exhibited good antioxidant activity in different antioxidant systems.eg.Fe3+ reducing power system,2 kinds of radical mediated 2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation system,DPPH?ABTS&hydroxyl free radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging ability system etc.And antioxidant capacity of 2 kinds of essential oil in different antioxidant detection system was also different.5.The essential oil respectively obtained by steam distillation and supercritical carbon dioxide also exhibited a certain protective effect on OH and ROO-mediated DNA damage.And the protective effects of essential oil obtained by steam distillation was better on OH than ROO· mediated DNA damage.6.The essential oil respectively obtained by steam distillation and supercritical carbon dioxide also exhibited a certain protective effect on ROO· mediated albumine de serum bovin damage.And preventive effect was positively correlated with concentration of essential oil.7.Two kinds of tumor cells,such as cervical cancer Hela and MCF-7 cell of breast cancer,were treated with two essential oils obtained using water vapor distillation and supercritical C02 fluid extraction and tumor cell morphology,growth and proliferation are restrained.The inhibitory effect was positively correlated with the concentration of two kinds of essential oil.The essential oil obtained by steam distillation was more significant on the effect of inhibiting tumor cell proliferation than that of supercritical fluid extraction.Hela cells showed much more sensitive to the 2 kinds of essential oil than MCF-7 cells.The results of morphological observation showed that the essential oil could induce the apoptosis of Hela and McF-7 cells and the tumor cell morphology was significantly different from the control group after apoptosis.8.The essential oil obtained by steam distillation from Rubia cordifolia L.root on liver injury in mice caused by CC14 has certain protective effect.It can significantly inhibit the increase of related detection indicators in liver injury of mice induced by CC14,such as the mouse liver and spleen index;serum typical indicators such as AST,ALT and AKP;the antioxidant enzyme activity indicators in mouse liver such as SOD,CAT and GSH-PX.The results of animal experiment confirmed that the dose of liver injury in mice with the essential oil was good in medium and high dose.Histopathological section showed that the liver damaged cells and tissues of the mice after the essential oil intervention were obviously repaired,so it was found that the essential oil had the protective effect to acute liver damage mediated by CC14.9.Total polyphenol content from 2 kinds of different extraction method was different by Folin-reagent method and total phenols content of the essential oil obtained by steam distillation is higher than the other.The level of total phenols content of 2 kinds of essential oil may be explain the reason why they has different antioxidant activity,antitumor activity and other bioactivity and total phenols content was positively correlated with bioactivity.