Biosynthesis Of Phycocyanin By Arthrospira(Spirulina) Pla Tensis Fachb-314

Algal resources(including inacroalgae,microalgae,and cyanobacteria)are biodiversity organisms that represents one of the most promising and sustainable feedstocks for new products and applications.They can complement plants and animal production(agricultural)for food,feed,high-value products,and biofuels production.Exploitation of microalgae for these purposes has some hindrances such as the low biomass productivity and the high cost of downstream processing.A major challenge lies in the recovery of biomass and separation of high-value chemical products.New technologies with reasonable cost are needed to produce and process microalgae.In this research,we focus on improvement of culture conditions that enhance the biomass productivity and phycocyanin accumulation in Arthorspira(Spirulina)platensis FACHB-314,and extraction of phycocyanin as one bio-based products with numerous applications in various industries.The metabolic stress coupled with nitrate fed-batch feeding strategy have significantly enhanced cell growth and phycocyanin production.In response to metabolic stress conditions,phycocyanin content,in Arthrospira platensis FACHB-314 cells,was enhanced after only seven days of cultivation period.Furthermore,the addition of substrates in the culture media has not only boosted phycocyanin content but also reduced the time of phycocyanin accumulation.It was essential to conduct gene expression experiments to detect the expression differences in stressed samples and control,which may be the fundamental of that high accumulation of phycocyanin in stressed samples than in control.cobA/hemD,hemG.and ho genes were selected for evaluating the effects of sodium glutamate and succinic acid substrates on their expression compared to the control group.Quantification Real-Time PCR analysis showed that cobA/hemD,hemG,and ho genes were overexpressed with 5.05,3.44,and 4.45 folds increase,respectively,under sodium glutamate stress compared to the control.In this research,ammonium chloride was also presented as a novel,effective,and inexpensive salt for phycocyanin extraction.Compared with sodium phosphate,which is commonly used during phycocyanin extraction process,ammonium chloride solution could efficiently extract phycocyanin with high purity from Arthrospira platensis FACHB-314.The statistical analysis shows that there is no significant difference in phycocyanin concentration between crude extracts(overall mean of 0.208 and 0.215 for extraction using sodium phosphate and ammonium chloride,respectively).However,the difference in phycocyanin purity ratio(A620/A280)between these two extractions is significant(overall mean of 0.742 and 1.428 for extraction using sodium phosphate and ammonium chloride,respectively).With ammonium chloride,the purity indexes of phycocyanin are 1.5 and 2.81 after the optimum extraction step,and precipitation used as the primary purification step,respectively.The present study unveiled a novel purification method to achieve phycocyanin with analytical grade without multiple purification steps.It is hard to plan for future without a present reason why the world has to explore the algal resource to solve the current global challenges burdening the sustainable development.Thus,it can lead to the hope of bright future.Therefore,the present research highlights the algal resources potentials and their inputs in the achievement of green economy and sustainable development.