| As a compound fertilizer that combines the advantages of biological,organic and chemical fertilizers,the bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer has been affirmed for the quick effect of inorganic fertilizer,the long-term effect of organic fertilizer,and the increased effect of biological fertilizer.However,low colonization activity of beneficial bacteria is a common problem in bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer at present.In addition,high energy consumption,simple formulation,and poor application effect of bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer hinder its popularization and application.In this investigation,a new slow-release bio-organic-chemical fertilizer was developed with growth promoting bacteria,polymer chemosynthetic slow-release fertilizer?PSF?and activated humic acid.Then,this new fertilizer was applied to tomato and large granular of slow-release bio-organic-chemical fertilizer were also prepared by extruding granulation process and applied to apple trees in orchard.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the new fertilizer by attempting to answer the following questions:?1?Effects and mechanism of raw material characteristics on colonization activity of growth promoting bacteria.?2?Colonization of growth promoting bacteria in tomato roots and its effect on tomato growth.?3?Nutrient release and leaching characteristics of super granular slow-release bio-organic-chemical fertilizer.?4?Effects of slow-release bio-organic-chemical fertilizer for the growth of apple tree,soil physical and chemical properties as well as microbial population in apple orchard.This paper mainly included the following research results:1.Colonization activity of growth promoting bacteria was increased by combining activated lignite and PSF.The oxygen group of lignite was increased by 4.7%after activation by solid ball milling,the content of high polymer material was reduced by 8.44%,medium and low molecular weight substances were increased by 72.37%and 13.17%,respectively.The water solubility and water stability of humic acid were greatly improved.Nitrogen and phosphorus were released slowly by hydrolysis and bond breaking which contains-CO-NH-and-C=O in polymer slow-release fertilizer.PSF with low salinity coefficient and activated humic acid can protect and improve the activity of growth promoting bacteria.The activity and stability of tomato promoting bacillus?B153?and apple tree growth promoting bacillus?BP?were the highest when the weight ratio of PSF to activated humic acid was 1:1 and 1.5:1,respectively.2.Bio-organic-chemical slow-release fertilizer for tomato?BCSF?increased the colonization activity of growth promoting bacteria,promoted the growth and increased the yield of tomato.RT-q PCR showed that B153 could colonize rapidly and effectively in the rhizosphere soil of tomato,and had significant activity advantage under BCSF treatment.The growth promoting bacteria B153 increased rapidly within 30 days after fertilization,which reached to8.98×105CFU g-1soil under BCSF,the activity of B153 was stable in 6.57×105CFU g-1soil on the 50th day.The proliferation rate was 21.0%within 60 days.HPLC showed that B153secreted IAA and GA.Compared with CK,BCSF increased the SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of tomato leaves,reduction treatments had no significant effect on tomato growth.Compared with BCCF and CK,BCSF was significantly increased tomato root volume and increased tomato yield by 29.04%and73.08%,respectively.3.Bio-organic-chemical slow-release fertilizer for apple tree?A-BCSF?reduced soil nutrient leaching loss and affected soil enzyme activity.Compared with other treatments,A-BCSF significantly reduced the leaching loss of NO3--N,NH4+-N,available K,and improved soil urease activity.However,A-BCSF had no advantage in immobilization of Ca2+and Mg2+,and improvement of catalase and alkaline phosphatase activities in soil.4.A-BCSF increased the content of soil available nutrients,affected soil microbial biomass and diversity then promoted the growth of apple trees.After fertilization for three years,compared with CK,the contents of soil NH4+-N?NO3--N?available phosphorus,and available potassium in 0-60cm soil?the fertilizer application area?were significantly increased under A-BCSF treatment,soil organic matter content increased significantly in 0-20cm and 40-60cm?the fertilizer application area?.Under the directional selection of BP,A-BCSF increased the abundance of eutrophic bacteria?Proteobacteria Etc.?and beneficial fungi groups?Metarhizium Etc.?in apple orchard soil,the abundance of soil bacterial oligotrophic groups?Chloroflexi,Acidobacteria Etc.?and dominant fungi groups?Ascomycota,Basidiomycota Etc.?were reduced at the same time,A-BCSF increased plant height,stem diameter,shoot length,leaf dry weight of apple trees and apple yield.A-BCSF was developed with the characteristics of simple process,easy operation,time,and labor saving. |
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