"Study On Utilization Of Medical Service And Health Policy Of The Elderly In Rural China"

In recent years,problems of population aging and health conditions of the elderly become increasingly concerned by the government,scholars and the public.The problem of population aging has great effect and takes the burden on the development of economy and society.However,the health condition of the elderly plays a vital role on whether we can reduce the heavy burdens by population aging.For this reason,scholars at home and abroad pay more attention to the aging problems,especially for the health problems of the elderly and the effect on the economy and society.The researches are almost about the problems of health conditions of the elderly,their demand and utilization of the medical service and the relative policies made by the government.Meanwhile,according to the existing research findings,the problem of aging population in rural China is more serious than in urban China,and the elderly in rural area have the worse health and the conditions to obtain health than in urban area.Thus it can be seen that the study on the health conditions and the acquisition of the medical service of the elderly in rural China is more urgent.In this paper,we take the health condition of the elderly in rural area as the research object,put emphsis on the empirical analysis of their demand and utilization of the medical service,discuss the challenge and pressure brought by the rural aging population from the aspect of health,integrate the health policy of the elderly in rural area to the frame of the health policy of elderly,and then put forward the suggestions to promote the health of the elderly in rural area from the aspects of welfare system supply,public health service supply and public service supply subjects.This is a study of policy based on the empirical analysis,the purpose is to analyze the health condition of the elderly in rural China,summarize the basic characteristics on health and illness of rural elderly,analyze the status of the demand and utilization of medical service of rural elderly,and sum up the problems of whether the health policy of rural elderly can meet the demand of health service.On this basis,we propose the opinions to perfect the health policy of the rural elderly.The main content mainly includes the following four parts.The first part is the review of the related basic theory and research.Through the review of the studies of health conditions of the elderly,the demand and utilization of medical service and the health policies,we will solve the following sevral problems.First of all,what is the judgement of the exisiting researches on the health condition of the elderly of China,especially on the elderly in rural China.Secondly,what is the judgement of the exisiting researches on the characteristic of utilization of the elderly medical service and the effect factors.And the third is the review of the related policies of health promotion in allusion to the elderly.The second part is an analysis and judgement of the empirical data.We will make the basic judgement of the health conditions and the utilization of medical service of the elderly in rural China by the analysis of the CHARLS data from Beijing University.In this part,we find several problems.Firstly,the overall health condition is not well currently,the percent of common health condition and bad health condition is higher than others by self-evaluation health condition,comprehensive self-care ability is poor,ADL and IADL have more obstacles,prevalence rate of chronic disease is higher.Health status has significant difference within the group and regional social factors,such as sex,age,education,income,region,and so on.Secondly,we take the empircal analysis of the demand and utilization of the elderly medical service in rural China.The result shows that the demand of medical service of the rural elderly is more than that of common rural people,the utilization of the rural elderly is more than former years,the economic factor is an important reason affecting the utilization of the rural elderly,and the average direct medical cost of rural elderly is greatly higher than the common group.The choice of medical institutions by rural elderly shows that they tends to choose the basic medical institutions on out-patient service.Lastly,we use the Logistic regression model to analyze influencing factors of the probability of whether or not to use out-patient service and the cost of out-patient service,whether or not to use in-patient service and the cost of in-patient service by the method of Four-Part Model,and analyze the influencing factors of the choice of medical institutions by rural elderly.The third part is the summary and reference of the existing policies,mainly about the elderly health policies at home and abroad.The main content include following four aspects.Firstly,we will introduce the structure and contents of health policy when we are coping with the challenge of aging population and summarize the basic characteristic of elderly in China.Secondly,we will summarize the related health policies aiming at the rural elderly and focus on the special problems and challenge faced by the rural elderly.Thirdly,we will introduce the basic contents of elderly health policies in Sweden,America,Germany and Japan according to the three modes division of western welfare capitalist countries,and sum up the basic characteristic of the elderly health policies in these countries.Finally,we will conclude the enlightenment of the elderly health policies in western countries to our country from the three aspects of concept,policy and organization mode.The fourth part is the systematic reconstuction of health policy of rural elderly based on the summary of existiong policies and the empirical analysis.In this part,we put forward the following policies and the specific strategies.Firstly,take "health aging" as the guidance idea of the development of health policy of elderly in rural China,and improve the qulity of life of the elderly.Secondly,take the elderly health policy of universal welfare,fundamental welfare and sustainable system as the development goals,and promote the fundamental work of health aging of elderly in rural China by the policies.Lastly,build the diversified supply subjects of health service,and realize the elementary path of health policy implementation of rural elderly by the improvement of health service system,medical security system,health support system and other mating systems.