The Theoretical Research On Cold Diseases In The Inner Canon Of Huangdi

Objective:The purpose is to preliminarily form the systematic theory of etiology,pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment,to standardize the disease names,and to promote a comprehensive understanding of cold diseases,so as to provide a theoretical support for the standardization of TCM terminology and clinical diagnosis and treatment.It is conducted by discussing the cold diseases which scattered in the 162 chapters of The Inner Canon of Huangdi.Methods and Contents:Methods and Contents:The study takes The Inner Canon of Huangdi Su Wen(1963)and Ling Shu Jing(1956)published by the People’s medical publishing house as the master copy,with the main reference to the annotations of The Inner Canon of Huangdi,The Inner Canon of Huangdi Dictationary(1990)edited by Dengben Zhang,The Inner Canon of Huangdi Dictationary(2000)edited by Aichun Guo,some ancient books such as Er Ya,Shuo Wen Jie Zi,Shuo Wen Jie Zi Zhu,etc.The method of literature research and textual research is applied,as well as philology,generation science,hermeneutics,calibration method,deduction and induction,to fully recognize cold diseases in The Inner Canon of Huangdi.The paper is divided into three parts:The first part is the theory summary of cold diseases in The Inner Canon of Huangdi.First,sixteen characters and words related to cold in The Inner Canon of Huangdi are explained,differentiated in cold degree and clarified in terms of their usages in the book.Second,causes of disease,pathogenesis,features,diagnosis,prognosis,treatment and prevention are illustrated respectively in theory.The cause of disease includes endogenous cold and exdogenous clod;the pathogenesis includes yin cold exuberance,cold caused by yang deficiency.The features includes seasonality,regionalism and susceptible population.The diagnosis includes inspection diagnosis and pulse-taking.Cold-proof is mainly of prevention.The treatment includes internal therapy,external therapy and mental therapy.The second part is the general survey about cold diseases in The Inner Canon of Huangdi,including two types of diseases: the cold-caused diseases and the cold-related diseases.Cold-caused diseases can be divided into three types: the one caused by exogenous cold,the one caused by yang deficiency(endogenous cold)and the one caused by both endogenous cold and exdogenous cold.Cold-related diseases can be divided into four types: the one caused by cold-damp pathogen,the one caused by wind-cold pathogen,the one caused by wind-cold-damp pathogen and water natured diseases.There are brief descriptions of the diseases chosen in the part in terms of disease names,etiology and pathogenesis,syndrome and treatments.The third part gives examples of the disease caused by cold in The Inner Canon of Huangdi.It forms a clear theorical framework by studying these important cold dieases and the controversial problems: fei ke(肺咳),,han jue(寒厥),han bi(寒痹),and dong xie(洞泄).And it focuses studying on their disease names,derivations,etiology and hepathogenesis,main symptoms,and treatment to deepen the understanding of their relavant diseases.Results:1.There are 16 characters and words related to “han”(寒)in The Inner Canon of Huangdi which are leng(冷),liang(凉),qing(清),qing(凊),qi(凄),ning(凝),lie(冽),li(凓),dong(冻),sa xi(洒淅),sa sa(洒洒),sa ran(洒然),xi xi(淅淅),su su(泝泝),etc.2.Through thoroughlly searching the 162 chapters of The Inner Canon of Huangdi,we get90 names of cold diseases : zhen xin tong(真心痛),xin tong(心痛),jue xin tong(厥心痛),pi xin tong(脾心痛),shen xin tong(肾心痛),wei xin tong(胃心痛),xin shan(心疝),ge zhong(隔中),jing hai(惊骇),shan wei(善畏),fei xiao(肺消),fei shan(肺疝),da chang zhang(大肠胀),chen zhang(?胀),yi(噫),yue(哕),han xia(寒下),ji(积),jue ni(厥逆),tou ban han tong(头半寒痛),tui shan(?疝),tui shan(颓疝),yong zhong(痈肿),fu zhang(肤胀),shi jia(石瘕),chang xun(肠覃),da lou(大偻),si jue(四厥),qing bing(清病),han bing(寒病),han qing(寒清),kuang(狂),dong xie(洞泄),hou xie(后泄),man bing(满病),zhen tong tou(真头痛),yao tong(腰痛),lou(瘘),fei ke(肺咳),wu tang(鹜溏),ru xie(濡泻),han zhong(寒中),pi ni(痞逆),fu zhong(胕肿),han yang(寒疡),pi qun(皮),rou ke(肉苛),cholera(霍乱),han ji(寒疾),fu man(腹满),sun xie(飧泄),mu feng(目风),chi han(齿寒),bi jue(痹厥),wei feng(胃风),bi(痹),gan bi(肝痹),chang bi(肠痹),gu bi(骨痹),jin bi(筋痹),mai bi(脉痹),ji bi(肌痹),pi bi(皮痹),xing bi(行痹),tong bi(痛痹),zhuobi(着痹),han bi(寒痹),feng bi(风痹),zhong chun bi(仲春痹),meng chun bi(孟春痹),ji chun bi(季春痹),zhong xia bi(仲夏痹),meng xia bi(孟夏痹),ji xia bi(季夏痹),zhong qiu bi(仲秋痹),meng qiu bi(孟秋痹),ji qiu bi(季秋痹),zhong dong bi(仲冬痹),meng dong bi(孟冬痹),ji dong bi(季冬痹),yin bi(阴痹),rou bi(肉 痹),da bi(大 痹),zhou bi(周 痹),xue bi(血 痹),zhi bo(跖跛),water(水),shishui(石水),yong shui(涌水).Conclusions:1.“Han”(寒)in The Inner Canon of Huangdi means a low temperature and it also means declining strongly.“liang”(凉),“leng”(冷),“qing”(清)are less colder than “han”(寒).“qi”(凄),“ning”(凝),“lin”(凛),“lie”(冽),“li”(凓)are much similar to “han”(寒).The words are always used to describe the state of cold like “sa xi”(洒淅),“sa sa”(洒洒),“sa ran”(洒然),“xi xi”(淅淅),and “su su”(泝泝).2.The causes of disease in The Inner Canon of Huangdi include endogenous cold and exdogenous clod.The pathogenesis includes yin cold exuberance,cold caused by yang deficiency.The features includes seasonality,regionalism and susceptible population.The diagnosis includes inspection diagnosis and pulse-taking.Cold-proof is mainly of prevention.The treatment includes internal therapy,external therapy and mental therapy.3.There are 90 diseases caused by cold or related to cold in The Inner Canon of Huangdi,among which 39 species are caused by cold,and 51 species are related to cold.Cold-caused diseases could be divided into three types: the ones caused by exogenous cold,the ones caused by yang deficiency and the ones caused by in-outside cold pathogens.Amoung the cold-caused diseases,31 species are caused by exogenous cold.,7 species by yang deficiency,and 1 specie by in-outside cold pathogens.Cold-related diseases could be divided into four types: cold-dampness type,wind-cold type,wind-cold-dampness type and water disease.The cold-dampness type of diseases are 12 species.The wind-cold type of diseases are 5 species.The wind-cold-dampness type are 31 species.And water diseases are3 species.4.The conclusions of examples of the cold disease are as follows:(1)“Feike”(肺咳)in Su Wen originally refers to cough caused by cold and manifestated by upward counterflow of lung qi,and evolves into han ke or leng ke(also named han shou)of exogenous cough or into endogenous cough or into cough caused by much worry.(2)“Han jue”(寒厥)in The Inner Canon of Huangdi is featured by cold extremities.Its pathogenesis are sexual strain and deficiency of kidney-yang.It is also called leng jue.Doctors later added pathogenesis of cold direct attacking yin channels and symptoms of “han jue”(寒 厥)changed.It is advocated in The Inner Canon of Huangdi to use acupuncture treatment and doctors of later generations mainly use internal treatment of tonifying kidney yang.(3)“Han bi”(寒 痹)in The Inner Canon of Huangdi is a disease characterized by condensation of qi and blood caused by wind,cold and dampness.Based on the treatments of acupuncture and medicated iron in The Inner Canon of Huangdi,doctors of later generations not only invent effective prescriptions of dispersing cold with pungent-warm and warming the kidney to dispel cold but also pay attention to the therapeutic method of tonyfying qi to generate blood.(4)The pathogenesis of “dong xie”(洞泄)in The Inner Canon of Huangdi inlclude wind-cold-dampness type and deficiency of kidney and spleen.Doctors of the later generations pay much attention to eliminate pathogen by warming and to consolidate by using astringent and sour drugs.It is diffrent from sun xie and ru xie in that the former is featured by its eating-defecating and quick diarrhea and the latter two are named by the property of defecate.The ruxie’s property of defecate is watery.And the sunxie’s property of defecate is the mixture of water and uncompletely digested food.The three innovative aspects of this study are as follows:1.A large number of characters and words about “han”(寒)in The Inner Canon of Huangdi have been collected systematically,deferentiated in detail,and clearified with the original meaning and the usages in The Inner Canon of Huangdi,which is helpful to deepen the understanding of the disease.2.Standard of cold diseases has been proposed.If satisfying two of the three conditions,it is a cold disease.3.Ninety diseases caused by cold and related to cold in The Inner Canon of Huangdi have been teased out fully and systematically and illustrated briefly for the first time.