| BackgroundConsiderable correlation between violence and schizophrenia had been verified.Objective and scientific assessment model should be formulated in order to assess the violent patients with schizophrenia and predict their violent behavior,the influencing facors of the schizophrenia and violence should be considered and analyzed systematically.But at present,the cause and pathogenesis of the violence in the patients with schizophrenia is still not clear,mutipl-demention methods should be taken to explore the influencing factors and mechanism of violence in the patients with schizophrenia.Objectives1.Aimed to explore the characteristics of violence in schizophrenic patients and the correlation between the violence and the psychological traits in patitents with schizophrenia.2.Aimed to explore the correlation between genome-wide DNA methylation modification level in peripheral blood cells and violence in the patients with schizophrenia.3.Aimed to investigate the correlation between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP),interleukin(IL)-10 and clinical characteristics,especially aggression in the patients with schizophrenia.Methods1.Four groups,i.e schizophrenia with homicide,schizophrenia with general violence,schizophrenia without aggression and healthy control,were designed in the study,and rating scales such as PANSS,MAOS,IPAS,STAXI-2,SSP,CTQ,PBI were used to assess the characteristics of the violence and the psychological traits of the objects,and the correlation between violence and psychological traits of the patients with schizophrenia was analyzed.2.Three groups,i.e schizophrenia with homicide,schizophrenia without aggression and healthy control were designed in the study;the genenom-wide DNA methylation modification level in peripheral blood cells was detected by means of Infinium HM450 BeadChips;correlation between differentially methylated locies and the violence in the patients with schizophrenia was analyzed.3.Two groups,schizophrenia and healthy control,were designed in the study,Psychopathological severity and aggression were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)and Modified Overt Aggression Scale(MOAS).Plasma concentrations of hsCRP and IL-10 were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The correlation between the inflammatory biomarkers and psychopathological severity and aggression in schizophrenic patiens was analyzed Results1.87 schizophrenic patients with homicide,120 schizophrenic patients with general violence,80 schizophrenic patients without aggression and 100 healthy controls were enrolled in this study.The main part of the homicide in the schizophrenic patients was impulsive,and the severity of the present violence was correlated with the severity of the symptoms.The scores of the anger trait of the violent schizophrenic patients were higher than that of the schizophrenic patients with homicide in the past and the healthy controls.The personality trait of aggressive and neurotism was related to the present violence,which demonstrated the fact that those traits were related to the state of the violence but not to the nature of the violence.The index of the child traumatic questionnaire and parental binding instrument was related to suffering of the schizophrenia,but no correlation between those traits and the violence in schizophrenic patients was found.2.18 patients with schizophrenia with homicide,18 patients with schizophrenia without aggression and 18 healthy controls were enrolled into the study,all belong to Chinese Han polulation.161 probes corresponding to 109 unique genes were found to be differentially methylated among the three goups.Of those locies,63 were located in CpG islands and 35 were in promoter regions,23 were in both CpG islands and promoter regions.Unsupervised clustering analysis of the 161 probes revealed three distinct groups,with 80% the correct ratio.Pathway analyses indicated that regulation of the biological process of sensory organ development,memory,regulation of sensory perception,somatic motor neuron fate commitment,neural precursor cell proliferation,neuromuscular process controlling balance,regulation of neuron differentiation,pallium development might be further associated with risk of the violence in the patients with schizophrenia.7 core genes,such FGFR1,PAX6,COMT,JPH3,ROM1,RRM1,NR4A3 were verified by meas of PPI net construction;the methylation level of the probes corresponding to FGFR1,PAX6,COMT,which have previously been reported to be associated with schizophrenia were lower among the schizophrenia with homide,at the same time,the methylation level of the probes corresponding to JPH3,ROM1,RRM1,NR4A3 was higher among the schizophrenia with homide.3.41 patients with schizophrenia and 40 healthy individuals were enrolled.Higher levels of hsCRP,lower levels of logIL-10 and higher ratio of hsCRP to IL-10 were observed in the plasma of patients with schizophrenia,compared to healthy controls.ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic)curve analysis revealed that ratio of hsCRP/IL-10 was more applicable as a biomarker to distinguish patients with schizophrenia from the control group than hsCRP and IL-10 alone.Negative correlation between hsCRP and the PANSS thinking disorder score,between IL-10 and the total score and the general symptom score of the PANSS was found.And positive correlations between hsCRP and the total score and verbal aggression score of MOAS,and between hsCRP/IL-10 and the total score of MOAS was found.Conclusions1.The main part of the homicide in the patients with schizophrenia was impulsive.Anger trait,aggressive personality trait were related to the present violence.According to the anger trait,aggressive trait and childhood adversity,no specific psychological trait was verified among the schizophrenic patients with homicide in the past.2.The verified probes can differentiate the schizophrenia with homicide from the schizophrenia without aggression and the health control;the selected probes corresponding to the 7 core genes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the violence in the patients with schizophrenia.3.Our results suggest the possible function of hsCRP and IL-10 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and the possible value of hsCRP/IL-10 as a potential peripheral biomarker of schizophrenia.This finding also suggests a relationship between hsCRP,IL-10 and their ratio with aggression in patients with schizophrenia... |
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