Yongqian Hangzhou Poetry Research

The Hangzhou poetry in the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods of Qing Dynasty is taken as the research object in this paper.The thesis is trying to have a comprehensive research on the poetic theory,poetic achievement and poetic influence of the Hangzhou poetry in the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods from the angle of the combination of macroscopic and microscopic view.The paper consists of three parts.The first part which is composed of four chapters analyzes the Hangzhou poetry in the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods from the angle of macroscopic view.The first chapter explores the development of Hangzhou poetry in Qing Dynasty,not only restores the reality of the Hangzhou poetry in the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods,but also discovers its origin and subsequent development,and reveals its distinctive status in the whole development of Hangzhou poetry in Qing Dynasty.The second chapter studies the overall features of this regional poetry,and points out its four essential characteristics.Its poetic theory stressed the elegance of the poem and the profound knowledge of the poets,advocated drawing lessons from all of ancient classics instead of some specific ages or writers.Its poetic content focused on the personal daily life experience which was mainly leisure rather than anxious,and rarely involved social and political events of that periods,moreover,a considerable part of the works presented the distinctive localism of Hangzhou region.Its poetic writing techniques combined the knowledgeability skill of the poetry in Song Dynasty and the Xingxiang skill of the poetry in Tang Dynasty.Its artistic style was mainly elegant rather than bold or unconstrained.The third chapter explores the causes of these features.Firstly,the cultural and political atmosphere of that time had significant impact on the regional poetry:the special social situation which was a prosperous and peaceful time as well as a time of severe cultural autocracy led to the particular content which focused on the personal and leisure daily life experience and kept away from social and political events,the cultural trend of that time that promoted scholarship and elegance led to the elegance and knowledgeability of the poetry.Secondly,the local culture also had profound effects on the development of the regional poetry:the special regional culture character which tends to be peaceful and gentle instead of rough and passionate led the regional poetry to develop some similar features,the regional academic tradition which valued scholarship and aesthetic also led the regional poetry to pay attention to the knowledgeability and the independent aesthetic value of the poetry,the library culture in the Hangzhou area provided a solid material foundation and a tremendous spiritual force to the fashion of knowledgeability in the regional poetry.In addition,the beautiful natural scenery in Hangzhou area was conducive to promote the gentle style of the regional poetry.The fourth chapter analyzes the significance of the regional poetry in both vertical and horizontal angles:Firstly,the study explores the connection between the Hangzhou poetry and the Yangzhou poetry,the Tianjin poetry,the Beijing poetry in the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods respectively,and reveals the special status of the Hangzhou poetry in the whole poetic structure of that time.the paper studies the role of the Hangzhou poetry of the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods in the overall development of poetry in Qing Dynasty,reveals its unique and significant connecting and promoting function in the development of the fashion of imitating Song poetry and the knowledgeability trend of poetry in Qing Dynasty.Then the Hangzhou poetry is observed in the development process of the Hangzhou poetry in Qing Dynasty,it is proved to be the crucial turning point as well as the aesthetic peak of the Hangzhou poetry in Qing Dynasty.In the end,based on the studies above,the paper assesses the value and status of the Hangzhou poetry in the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods.The second part focuses on case study.some representative Hangzhou poets in the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods are chosen and taken as the research object in this part,not only including the poets who have got close attention of the reseachers,such as Li E,Hang Shijun,Wu Xiqi,Jin Nong,but also including some poets who are excellent and significant in the regional poetry system but have been ignored for a long time,such as Fu Ceng,Zhu Peng,Wu Yingfang and Song Dazun.The poetic theory,artistic features and poetic status of these poets are researched in every case study respectively.Meanwhile,the study also attaches great importance to the comparison among these poets.So,the combination of these case studies will provide us with a detailed analysis of the overall structure and internal complex mechanism of the regional poetry.The third part studies the poetry societies in Hangzhou area in the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods.Firstly,the paper analyzes the types,activities,creation characteristics and poetic effects of these poetry societies comprehensively.The poetry societies in Hangzhou area in the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods were composed of three types:the recreational type,the ideal type and the competitive type.The paper chooses some representative poetry societies,including Nanping Poetry Society,Liuyi Poetry Society,Jiulao Poetry Society,Banxiang Poetry Society,Touhu Poetry Society,in accordance with the difference of types,and take these poetry societies as the object of case study.In every case study,the researcher explores the forming reasons,operation mechanism and creation characteristics of every poetry society,and revealed the distinctive role of these poetry societies in the regional poetic situation.