The Privy Council And Its Officer Governance In Liao Dynasty

Liao Privy Council is a council system that was based on and inherited from the Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties.Along with its evolvement,the system was also blended heavily with the characteristics of Khitan Ethnic.Liao Privy system broke through the previous confines specially in institutional innovation,establishment in professional office and force restraints in coverage,which had an ethically clear-cut trait in comparison with that in its previous dynasties.In this paper,the introduction discusses mainly at first the significance in selecting topic,and secondly classifies and summarizes the researches achieved by former scholars,and then finally elaborates the research track,body content,creative ideas and so on.The body part consists four chapters,where the illustration of Privy Council System goes separately from its origin,the foundation,the establishment on professions and affiliation,the issues of the chief and other posts in selecting,in family stem,and issues as official career entering and transferring.The first chapter goes to expound the origin and foundation in Privy Council,in term with the System of Institutional History.Privy Council was instituted into a system originally from middle and late Tang Dynasty,and rose into its maturity from Tang Dynasty through Five Dynasties,which influenced deeply on the successive dynasties to establish their own official and administrative institutions.Although rooted and developed largely from Tang,Liao Privy Council newly innovated “conventional governance” to evolve the former system.According to this principle,Liao administration set up a rather different Privy Council to afford North and South office system.For the north office system Liao set up Khitan North and South Privy Council,for the south office system,Liao set up Han Privy Council.In chapter 2,the illustration is developed in line with the office post,the affiliation,and the chief governance.Liao Privy Council did not copy fully the analogous system from Central China.Liao specified its own Privy Council for sake of different time and different purposes.In this chapter,the main part will be concentrated on three characteristics in office post,institutional establishment and the chief governance in Privy Council.Chapter Three focused on the upper class of Privy Council,which includes the Privy Counselor Senior,the Privy Counselor Junior,the Vice Privy Counselor Senior,and the Vice Privy Counselor Junior.In this part,the paper serves an attempt to classify the correlations of the above different posts.Chapter 4 is to research the officers in Privy Council,including in particular their family roots,and official career entering and transferring,which is hopefully to track into clearly on their personnel,ethnics,and to track further how these factors correlated with entering and transferring in office system.Base on this analysis,it is to conclude the dominance principle by the central governor or empire in this chapter,so as to sketch out scientifically the original evolvement in Liao Privy Council.In conclusion,this paper summarizes the characteristics,the functions and the influences of Privy Council.Derived from Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties,Liao updated and reformed this Council,which significantly broke through its feedbacks in institutional organization,office post,and the force coverage of Chief governor.Among these breakthroughs,one measurement that Privy Counselor fulfill the military force is dedicated extremely to help administrate the Liao’s dominance.